Toll-like receptors : role of inflammation and commensal bacteria
(2011) In Inflammation & allergy drug targets 10(3). p.198-207- Abstract
TLR ligands are present on both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been observed to be largely unresponsive to TLR ligands. This observation has partly been explained by the fact that TLR expression on IECs is sparse. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors finally identified the innate immune receptors that were responsible for many of the innate immune functions that had been studied for many years. Interestingly, TLRs seem only to be involved in the cytokine production and cellular activation in response to microbes, and do not play a significant role in the adhesion and phagocytosis of microorganisms. One member of this group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), together with tumour-necrosis factor... (More)
TLR ligands are present on both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been observed to be largely unresponsive to TLR ligands. This observation has partly been explained by the fact that TLR expression on IECs is sparse. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors finally identified the innate immune receptors that were responsible for many of the innate immune functions that had been studied for many years. Interestingly, TLRs seem only to be involved in the cytokine production and cellular activation in response to microbes, and do not play a significant role in the adhesion and phagocytosis of microorganisms. One member of this group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), together with tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), is defined as an alarm cytokine. It is secreted by macrophages and initiates inflammation on activation of TLRs.
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- author
- Imani Fooladi, Abbas Ali ; Mousavi, Seyed Fazlollah ; LAMEI, SEPIDEH LU ; Yazdani, Samaneh and Nourani, Mohammad Reza
- publishing date
- 2011-06
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- keywords
- Animals, Cytokines, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Macrophage Activation, Metagenome, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, NF-kappa B, Neutrophils, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors
- in
- Inflammation & allergy drug targets
- volume
- 10
- issue
- 3
- pages
- 10 pages
- publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:21428911
- scopus:79958269789
- ISSN
- 1871-5281
- DOI
- 10.2174/187152811795564064
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- id
- 5ad09ed3-06aa-4bad-bb5a-e1c68c5e818c
- date added to LUP
- 2016-05-24 15:42:13
- date last changed
- 2024-08-09 13:28:02
@article{5ad09ed3-06aa-4bad-bb5a-e1c68c5e818c, abstract = {{<p>TLR ligands are present on both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been observed to be largely unresponsive to TLR ligands. This observation has partly been explained by the fact that TLR expression on IECs is sparse. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors finally identified the innate immune receptors that were responsible for many of the innate immune functions that had been studied for many years. Interestingly, TLRs seem only to be involved in the cytokine production and cellular activation in response to microbes, and do not play a significant role in the adhesion and phagocytosis of microorganisms. One member of this group, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), together with tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), is defined as an alarm cytokine. It is secreted by macrophages and initiates inflammation on activation of TLRs.</p>}}, author = {{Imani Fooladi, Abbas Ali and Mousavi, Seyed Fazlollah and LAMEI, SEPIDEH and Yazdani, Samaneh and Nourani, Mohammad Reza}}, issn = {{1871-5281}}, keywords = {{Animals; Cytokines; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Intestinal Mucosa; Macrophage Activation; Metagenome; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; NF-kappa B; Neutrophils; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptors}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{198--207}}, publisher = {{Bentham Science Publishers}}, series = {{Inflammation & allergy drug targets}}, title = {{Toll-like receptors : role of inflammation and commensal bacteria}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152811795564064}}, doi = {{10.2174/187152811795564064}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2011}}, }