The TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations
(2024) In Astronomical Journal 167(2).- Abstract
We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (∼700 Myr), and the system exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50 m s−1, much larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the... (More)
We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (∼700 Myr), and the system exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50 m s−1, much larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the TESS-Keck Survey, and 51 High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North RVs, we experiment with a joint TTV-RV fit. With seven possible transiting planets, TTVs, more than 400 RVs, and a stellar activity model, we posit that we may be presenting the most complex mass recovery of an exoplanet system in the literature to date. By combining TTVs and RVs, we minimized Gaussian process overfitting and retrieved new masses for this system: (m b−g = 3.50 − 0.7 + 0.8 , 6.32 − 1.3 + 1.1 , 8.35 − 1.6 + 1.8 , 6.07 − 1.01 + 1.09 , 9.7 − 3.7 + 3.9 , 5.6 − 3.2 + 4.1 M ⊕). We are unable to significantly detect the mass of the seventh planet candidate in the RVs, but we are able to loosely constrain a possible orbital period near 80 days. Future TESS observations might confirm the existence of a seventh planet in the system, better constrain the masses and orbital properties of the known exoplanets, and generally shine light on this scientifically interesting system.
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- publishing date
- 2024-02
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Astronomical Journal
- volume
- 167
- issue
- 2
- article number
- 70
- publisher
- IOP Publishing
- external identifiers
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- scopus:85183948140
- ISSN
- 0004-6256
- DOI
- 10.3847/1538-3881/ad1330
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- English
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- yes
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- 5c42d0e0-18e6-4c3f-be07-57564f1b1e4c
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@article{5c42d0e0-18e6-4c3f-be07-57564f1b1e4c,
abstract = {{<p>We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (∼700 Myr), and the system exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50 m s<sup>−1</sup>, much larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the TESS-Keck Survey, and 51 High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North RVs, we experiment with a joint TTV-RV fit. With seven possible transiting planets, TTVs, more than 400 RVs, and a stellar activity model, we posit that we may be presenting the most complex mass recovery of an exoplanet system in the literature to date. By combining TTVs and RVs, we minimized Gaussian process overfitting and retrieved new masses for this system: (m <sub>b−g </sub> = 3.50 − 0.7 + 0.8 , 6.32 − 1.3 + 1.1 , 8.35 − 1.6 + 1.8 , 6.07 − 1.01 + 1.09 , 9.7 − 3.7 + 3.9 , 5.6 − 3.2 + 4.1 M <sub>⊕</sub>). We are unable to significantly detect the mass of the seventh planet candidate in the RVs, but we are able to loosely constrain a possible orbital period near 80 days. Future TESS observations might confirm the existence of a seventh planet in the system, better constrain the masses and orbital properties of the known exoplanets, and generally shine light on this scientifically interesting system.</p>}},
author = {{Beard, Corey and Robertson, Paul and Dai, Fei and Holcomb, Rae and Lubin, Jack and Akana Murphy, Joseph M. and Batalha, Natalie M. and Blunt, Sarah and Crossfield, Ian and Dressing, Courtney and Fulton, Benjamin and Howard, Andrew W. and Huber, Dan and Isaacson, Howard and Kane, Stephen R. and Nowak, Grzegorz and Petigura, Erik A. and Roy, Arpita and Rubenzahl, Ryan A. and Weiss, Lauren M. and Barrena, Rafael and Behmard, Aida and Brinkman, Casey L. and Carleo, Ilaria and Chontos, Ashley and Dalba, Paul A. and Fetherolf, Tara and Giacalone, Steven and Hill, Michelle L. and Kawauchi, Kiyoe and Korth, Judith and Luque, Rafael and MacDougall, Mason G. and Mayo, Andrew W. and Močnik, Teo and Morello, Giuseppe and Murgas, Felipe and Orell-Miquel, Jaume and Palle, Enric and Polanski, Alex S. and Rice, Malena and Scarsdale, Nicholas and Tyler, Dakotah and Van Zandt, Judah}},
issn = {{0004-6256}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{2}},
publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
series = {{Astronomical Journal}},
title = {{The TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad1330}},
doi = {{10.3847/1538-3881/ad1330}},
volume = {{167}},
year = {{2024}},
}