CKD Progression and Mortality Among Men and Women : A Nationwide Study in Sweden
(2021) In American Journal of Kidney Diseases 78(2). p.1-199- Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence. Several sex-specific differences have been reported for disease progression and mortality. Selection and survival bias might have influenced the results of previous cohort studies. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-specific differences of CKD progression and mortality among patients with CKD not receiving maintenance dialysis. Study Design: Observational cohort study. Setting & Participants: Adult patients with incident CKD glomerular filtration rate categories 3b to 5 (G3b-G5) identified between 2010 and 2018 within the nationwide Swedish Renal Registry-CKD (SRR-CKD). Exposure: Sex. Outcomes: Time to CKD... (More)
Rationale & Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence. Several sex-specific differences have been reported for disease progression and mortality. Selection and survival bias might have influenced the results of previous cohort studies. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-specific differences of CKD progression and mortality among patients with CKD not receiving maintenance dialysis. Study Design: Observational cohort study. Setting & Participants: Adult patients with incident CKD glomerular filtration rate categories 3b to 5 (G3b-G5) identified between 2010 and 2018 within the nationwide Swedish Renal Registry-CKD (SRR-CKD). Exposure: Sex. Outcomes: Time to CKD progression (defined as a change of at least 1 CKD stage or initiation of kidney replacement therapy [KRT]) or death. Repeated assessments of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Analytical Approach: CKD progression and mortality before KRT were assessed by the cumulative incidence function methods and Fine and Gray models, with death handled as a competing event. Sex differences in eGFR slope were estimated using mixed effects linear regression models. Results: 7,388 patients with incident CKD G3b, 18,282 with incident CKD G4, and 9,410 with incident CKD G5 were identified. Overall, 19.6 (95% CI, 19.2-20.0) patients per 100 patient-years progressed, and 10.1 (95% CI, 9.9-10.3) patients per 100 person-years died. Women had a lower risk of CKD progression (subhazard ratio [SHR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85-0.92]), and a lower all-cause (SHR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85-0.94]) and cardiovascular (SHR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.76-0.90]) mortality risk. Risk factors related to a steeper decline in eGFR included age, sex, albuminuria, and type of primary kidney disease. Limitations: Incomplete data for outpatient visits and laboratory measurements and regional differences in reporting. Conclusions: Compared to women, men had a higher rate of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, an increased risk of CKD progression, and a steeper decline in eGFR.
(Less)
- author
- Swartling, Oskar ; Rydell, Helena LU ; Stendahl, Maria ; Segelmark, Mårten LU ; Trolle Lagerros, Ylva and Evans, Marie
- organization
- publishing date
- 2021-08-01
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), epidemiology, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), kidney replacement therapy (KRT), mortality, primary kidney disease, sex, sex differences, sex disparities
- in
- American Journal of Kidney Diseases
- volume
- 78
- issue
- 2
- pages
- 1 - 199
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85104946253
- pmid:33434591
- ISSN
- 0272-6386
- DOI
- 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.026
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 5d222216-aad9-48cd-a745-6becedc672c2
- date added to LUP
- 2021-05-10 12:28:07
- date last changed
- 2024-06-16 13:29:54
@article{5d222216-aad9-48cd-a745-6becedc672c2,
abstract = {{<p>Rationale & Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence. Several sex-specific differences have been reported for disease progression and mortality. Selection and survival bias might have influenced the results of previous cohort studies. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-specific differences of CKD progression and mortality among patients with CKD not receiving maintenance dialysis. Study Design: Observational cohort study. Setting & Participants: Adult patients with incident CKD glomerular filtration rate categories 3b to 5 (G3b-G5) identified between 2010 and 2018 within the nationwide Swedish Renal Registry-CKD (SRR-CKD). Exposure: Sex. Outcomes: Time to CKD progression (defined as a change of at least 1 CKD stage or initiation of kidney replacement therapy [KRT]) or death. Repeated assessments of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Analytical Approach: CKD progression and mortality before KRT were assessed by the cumulative incidence function methods and Fine and Gray models, with death handled as a competing event. Sex differences in eGFR slope were estimated using mixed effects linear regression models. Results: 7,388 patients with incident CKD G3b, 18,282 with incident CKD G4, and 9,410 with incident CKD G5 were identified. Overall, 19.6 (95% CI, 19.2-20.0) patients per 100 patient-years progressed, and 10.1 (95% CI, 9.9-10.3) patients per 100 person-years died. Women had a lower risk of CKD progression (subhazard ratio [SHR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85-0.92]), and a lower all-cause (SHR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85-0.94]) and cardiovascular (SHR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.76-0.90]) mortality risk. Risk factors related to a steeper decline in eGFR included age, sex, albuminuria, and type of primary kidney disease. Limitations: Incomplete data for outpatient visits and laboratory measurements and regional differences in reporting. Conclusions: Compared to women, men had a higher rate of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, an increased risk of CKD progression, and a steeper decline in eGFR.</p>}},
author = {{Swartling, Oskar and Rydell, Helena and Stendahl, Maria and Segelmark, Mårten and Trolle Lagerros, Ylva and Evans, Marie}},
issn = {{0272-6386}},
keywords = {{chronic kidney disease (CKD); CKD progression; end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); epidemiology; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); kidney replacement therapy (KRT); mortality; primary kidney disease; sex; sex differences; sex disparities}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{08}},
number = {{2}},
pages = {{1--199}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{American Journal of Kidney Diseases}},
title = {{CKD Progression and Mortality Among Men and Women : A Nationwide Study in Sweden}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.026}},
doi = {{10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.11.026}},
volume = {{78}},
year = {{2021}},
}