Global tuning of hadronic interaction models with accelerator-based and astroparticle data
(2026) In Nature Reviews Physics p.98-114- Abstract
- In high-energy and astroparticle physics, event generators have an essential role, even in the simplest data analyses. Physical processes occurring in hadronic collisions are simulated within a Monte Carlo framework but a major challenge remains modelling of hadron dynamics at low momentum transfer, which includes the initial and final phases of every hadronic collision. Phenomenological models inspired by quantum chromodynamics used for these phases cannot guarantee completeness or correctness over the full phase space. These models usually include parameters which must be tuned to suitable experimental data. Until now, event generators have primarily been developed and tuned based on data from high-energy physics experiments at... (More)
- In high-energy and astroparticle physics, event generators have an essential role, even in the simplest data analyses. Physical processes occurring in hadronic collisions are simulated within a Monte Carlo framework but a major challenge remains modelling of hadron dynamics at low momentum transfer, which includes the initial and final phases of every hadronic collision. Phenomenological models inspired by quantum chromodynamics used for these phases cannot guarantee completeness or correctness over the full phase space. These models usually include parameters which must be tuned to suitable experimental data. Until now, event generators have primarily been developed and tuned based on data from high-energy physics experiments at accelerators. However, in many cases, they have been found to not satisfactorily describe data from astroparticle experiments, which provide sensitivity especially to hadrons produced nearly parallel to the collision axis and cover centre-of-mass energies up to several hundred tera-electronvolts, well beyond those reached at colliders so far. Here, we address the complementarity of these two sets of data and present a roadmap for a unified tuning of event generators with accelerator-based and astroparticle data. © Springer Nature Limited 2025. (Less)
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- author
- Albrecht, J. ; Sjöstrand, T. LU and Zhukov, V.
- author collaboration
- organization
- publishing date
- 2026
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Acceleration, Colliding beam accelerators, Monte Carlo methods, Phase transitions, Quantum theory, Tuning, Astro-particles, Astroparticle physics, Event generators, Hadron dynamics, Hadronic collisions, Hadronic interaction models, High-energy physics, Low momentum transfers, Physical process, Simple++, Hadrons
- in
- Nature Reviews Physics
- pages
- 7 pages
- publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:105025096043
- ISSN
- 2522-5820
- DOI
- 10.1038/s42254-025-00897-3
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 5e610ff5-676c-4a32-a75a-d6a5ec8081ed
- date added to LUP
- 2026-03-24 08:19:34
- date last changed
- 2026-03-24 08:20:01
@article{5e610ff5-676c-4a32-a75a-d6a5ec8081ed,
abstract = {{In high-energy and astroparticle physics, event generators have an essential role, even in the simplest data analyses. Physical processes occurring in hadronic collisions are simulated within a Monte Carlo framework but a major challenge remains modelling of hadron dynamics at low momentum transfer, which includes the initial and final phases of every hadronic collision. Phenomenological models inspired by quantum chromodynamics used for these phases cannot guarantee completeness or correctness over the full phase space. These models usually include parameters which must be tuned to suitable experimental data. Until now, event generators have primarily been developed and tuned based on data from high-energy physics experiments at accelerators. However, in many cases, they have been found to not satisfactorily describe data from astroparticle experiments, which provide sensitivity especially to hadrons produced nearly parallel to the collision axis and cover centre-of-mass energies up to several hundred tera-electronvolts, well beyond those reached at colliders so far. Here, we address the complementarity of these two sets of data and present a roadmap for a unified tuning of event generators with accelerator-based and astroparticle data. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.}},
author = {{Albrecht, J. and Sjöstrand, T. and Zhukov, V.}},
issn = {{2522-5820}},
keywords = {{Acceleration; Colliding beam accelerators; Monte Carlo methods; Phase transitions; Quantum theory; Tuning; Astro-particles; Astroparticle physics; Event generators; Hadron dynamics; Hadronic collisions; Hadronic interaction models; High-energy physics; Low momentum transfers; Physical process; Simple++; Hadrons}},
language = {{eng}},
pages = {{98--114}},
publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
series = {{Nature Reviews Physics}},
title = {{Global tuning of hadronic interaction models with accelerator-based and astroparticle data}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42254-025-00897-3}},
doi = {{10.1038/s42254-025-00897-3}},
year = {{2026}},
}