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Transition dynamics of hybrid farmers : a survival analysis of exits and entries into full-time farming

Johansson, Eleanor LU orcid ; Nilsson, Pia LU and Hansson, Helena LU orcid (2025) In European Review of Agricultural Economics 51(5). p.1384-1409
Abstract

Using Swedish-matched employer-employee data from 2001 to 2018 and parametric survival analysis, we examine how the share of off-farm wage income affects survival time in the state of hybrid farming. We find a non-linear relationship between the share of off-farm wage income and the risk of exit; at lower levels, the share of off-farm wage income increases the risk of exiting agriculture completely and exiting from hybrid farming into full-time farming, while at higher levels it decreases the risk of exiting the hybrid state. This indicates that at higher levels of off-farm income, hybrid farming can be a stable state.

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; and
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
farm survival, hybrid farmers, individual heterogeneity, off-farm wage income, Sweden
in
European Review of Agricultural Economics
volume
51
issue
5
pages
26 pages
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • scopus:85218901116
ISSN
0165-1587
DOI
10.1093/erae/jbaf003
language
English
LU publication?
no
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s).
id
5e706977-ae73-4ea3-84d4-333539725a84
date added to LUP
2026-04-17 14:32:58
date last changed
2026-10-05 00:16:48
@article{5e706977-ae73-4ea3-84d4-333539725a84,
  abstract     = {{<p>Using Swedish-matched employer-employee data from 2001 to 2018 and parametric survival analysis, we examine how the share of off-farm wage income affects survival time in the state of hybrid farming. We find a non-linear relationship between the share of off-farm wage income and the risk of exit; at lower levels, the share of off-farm wage income increases the risk of exiting agriculture completely and exiting from hybrid farming into full-time farming, while at higher levels it decreases the risk of exiting the hybrid state. This indicates that at higher levels of off-farm income, hybrid farming can be a stable state.</p>}},
  author       = {{Johansson, Eleanor and Nilsson, Pia and Hansson, Helena}},
  issn         = {{0165-1587}},
  keywords     = {{farm survival; hybrid farmers; individual heterogeneity; off-farm wage income; Sweden}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{1384--1409}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{European Review of Agricultural Economics}},
  title        = {{Transition dynamics of hybrid farmers : a survival analysis of exits and entries into full-time farming}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaf003}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/erae/jbaf003}},
  volume       = {{51}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}