Structural characterization of an extracellular contractile injection system from Photorhabdus luminescens in extended and contracted states
Marín-Arraiza, Leyre ; Roa-Eguiara, Aritz ; Pape, Tillmann ; Sofos, Nicholas ; Hendriks, Ivo Alexander ; Lund Nielsen, Michael ; Steiner-Rebrova, Eva Maria LU
and Taylor, Nicholas M I
(2025)
In Nature Communications
16(1).
- Abstract
Contractile injection systems (CISs) are phage tail-like nanosyringes that mediate bacterial interactions by puncturing target cell membranes. Within these systems, Photorhabdus Virulence Cassettes (PVCs) can translocate toxins across eukaryotic target cell membranes and have been engineered to deliver diverse protein cargoes into non-natively-targeted organisms. Despite the structural insights into several CISs, including one PVC from P. asymbiotica, information on PVCs from other species and details on the contraction mechanism remain limited. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of PlPVC1, a PVC from the nematode symbiont and insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens DJC, in both extended and... (More)
Contractile injection systems (CISs) are phage tail-like nanosyringes that mediate bacterial interactions by puncturing target cell membranes. Within these systems, Photorhabdus Virulence Cassettes (PVCs) can translocate toxins across eukaryotic target cell membranes and have been engineered to deliver diverse protein cargoes into non-natively-targeted organisms. Despite the structural insights into several CISs, including one PVC from P. asymbiotica, information on PVCs from other species and details on the contraction mechanism remain limited. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of PlPVC1, a PVC from the nematode symbiont and insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens DJC, in both extended and contracted states. This particle displays distinct structural features that differ from other CISs, such as a cage surrounding the central spike, a larger sheath adaptor, and a plug exposed to the tube lumen. Moreover, we present the structures of the PlPVC1 fiber and the baseplate of the contracted particle, yielding insight into the contraction mechanism. This study provides structural details of the extended and contracted states of the PlPVC1 particle and supports the model in which contraction is triggered. Furthermore, it facilitates the comparison of PlPVC1 with other CISs and expands the scope of engineering opportunities for future biomedical and biotechnological applications.
(Less)
- author
- Marín-Arraiza, Leyre
; Roa-Eguiara, Aritz
; Pape, Tillmann
; Sofos, Nicholas
; Hendriks, Ivo Alexander
; Lund Nielsen, Michael
; Steiner-Rebrova, Eva Maria
LU
and Taylor, Nicholas M I
- organization
- publishing date
- 2025-10-22
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Photorhabdus/ultrastructure, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Animals, Bacterial Proteins/metabolism, Virulence
- in
- Nature Communications
- volume
- 16
- issue
- 1
- article number
- 9327
- publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:41125615
- ISSN
- 2041-1723
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41467-025-64377-z
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- © 2025. The Author(s).
- id
- 634bb9c8-3b14-499d-a7ad-627cd29da416
- date added to LUP
- 2025-10-24 13:23:18
- date last changed
- 2025-10-25 03:41:23
@article{634bb9c8-3b14-499d-a7ad-627cd29da416,
abstract = {{<p>Contractile injection systems (CISs) are phage tail-like nanosyringes that mediate bacterial interactions by puncturing target cell membranes. Within these systems, Photorhabdus Virulence Cassettes (PVCs) can translocate toxins across eukaryotic target cell membranes and have been engineered to deliver diverse protein cargoes into non-natively-targeted organisms. Despite the structural insights into several CISs, including one PVC from P. asymbiotica, information on PVCs from other species and details on the contraction mechanism remain limited. Here, we present the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of PlPVC1, a PVC from the nematode symbiont and insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens DJC, in both extended and contracted states. This particle displays distinct structural features that differ from other CISs, such as a cage surrounding the central spike, a larger sheath adaptor, and a plug exposed to the tube lumen. Moreover, we present the structures of the PlPVC1 fiber and the baseplate of the contracted particle, yielding insight into the contraction mechanism. This study provides structural details of the extended and contracted states of the PlPVC1 particle and supports the model in which contraction is triggered. Furthermore, it facilitates the comparison of PlPVC1 with other CISs and expands the scope of engineering opportunities for future biomedical and biotechnological applications.</p>}},
author = {{Marín-Arraiza, Leyre and Roa-Eguiara, Aritz and Pape, Tillmann and Sofos, Nicholas and Hendriks, Ivo Alexander and Lund Nielsen, Michael and Steiner-Rebrova, Eva Maria and Taylor, Nicholas M I}},
issn = {{2041-1723}},
keywords = {{Photorhabdus/ultrastructure; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Animals; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Virulence}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{10}},
number = {{1}},
publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
series = {{Nature Communications}},
title = {{Structural characterization of an extracellular contractile injection system from Photorhabdus luminescens in extended and contracted states}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64377-z}},
doi = {{10.1038/s41467-025-64377-z}},
volume = {{16}},
year = {{2025}},
}