Mortality risks among heavy-smokers with special reference to women: a long-term follow-up of an urban population
(2007) In European Journal of Epidemiology 22(5). p.301-309- Abstract
- Increased mortality risks associated with smoking are well established among men. There are very few population-based studies comprising a sufficient number of heavily smoking women, measuring the direct effect of smoking on mortality risks. Between 1974 and 1992, 8,499 women and 13,888 men attended a health screening programme including reporting of smoking habits. Individuals were followed for total mortality until 2005. All-cause, cancer, cardiovascular, lung cancer and respiratory mortality were calculated in smoking categories < 10 g per day, 10-19 g per day, and >= 20 g per day with never-smokers as a reference group and with adjustments for co-morbidities, socio-economic and marital status. For respiratory mortality and lung... (More)
- Increased mortality risks associated with smoking are well established among men. There are very few population-based studies comprising a sufficient number of heavily smoking women, measuring the direct effect of smoking on mortality risks. Between 1974 and 1992, 8,499 women and 13,888 men attended a health screening programme including reporting of smoking habits. Individuals were followed for total mortality until 2005. All-cause, cancer, cardiovascular, lung cancer and respiratory mortality were calculated in smoking categories < 10 g per day, 10-19 g per day, and >= 20 g per day with never-smokers as a reference group and with adjustments for co-morbidities, socio-economic and marital status. For respiratory mortality and lung cancer adjustments for FEV1, socio-economic and marital status were performed. Smoking was associated with a two to almost threefold increased mortality risk among women and men. The relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval, (CI) for women who smoked 10-19 g per day was 2.44 (2.07-2.87), and for those who smoked 20 g per day or more the RR (95% CI) was 2.42 (2.00-2.92). Smoking was a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality among women, the RR (95% CI) for women who smoked 10-19 g per day was 4.52 (3.07-6.64). Ex-smoking women showed increased risks of all-cause mortality; RR (95% CI) 1.26 (1.04-1.52) cancer (excluding lung cancer); RR (95% CI) 1.42 (1.07-1.88) and lung cancer RR (95% CI) 2.71 (1.02-7.23) mortality. However, the cardiovascular; RR (95% CI) 1.18 (0.69-2.00) and respiratory; RR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.16-3.84) mortality risks were not statistically significant. This study confirms that as for men, middle-aged heavily smoking women have a two to threefold increased mortality risk. Adjustments for co-morbidity, socio-economic and marital status did not change these results. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/648930
- author
- Ekberg, Marie LU ; Nilsson, P. M. ; Nilsson, J.-A. ; Löfdahl, Claes-Göran LU and Löfdahl, K.
- organization
- publishing date
- 2007
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Tobacco, Women, Smoking, Mortality, Epidemiology, Men
- in
- European Journal of Epidemiology
- volume
- 22
- issue
- 5
- pages
- 301 - 309
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000247211000004
- scopus:34249983822
- ISSN
- 1573-7284
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10654-007-9120-7
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 211d5407-f647-49e0-a006-ed97e7c9c41a (old id 648930)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 12:12:12
- date last changed
- 2022-01-27 00:21:51
@article{211d5407-f647-49e0-a006-ed97e7c9c41a,
abstract = {{Increased mortality risks associated with smoking are well established among men. There are very few population-based studies comprising a sufficient number of heavily smoking women, measuring the direct effect of smoking on mortality risks. Between 1974 and 1992, 8,499 women and 13,888 men attended a health screening programme including reporting of smoking habits. Individuals were followed for total mortality until 2005. All-cause, cancer, cardiovascular, lung cancer and respiratory mortality were calculated in smoking categories < 10 g per day, 10-19 g per day, and >= 20 g per day with never-smokers as a reference group and with adjustments for co-morbidities, socio-economic and marital status. For respiratory mortality and lung cancer adjustments for FEV1, socio-economic and marital status were performed. Smoking was associated with a two to almost threefold increased mortality risk among women and men. The relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval, (CI) for women who smoked 10-19 g per day was 2.44 (2.07-2.87), and for those who smoked 20 g per day or more the RR (95% CI) was 2.42 (2.00-2.92). Smoking was a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality among women, the RR (95% CI) for women who smoked 10-19 g per day was 4.52 (3.07-6.64). Ex-smoking women showed increased risks of all-cause mortality; RR (95% CI) 1.26 (1.04-1.52) cancer (excluding lung cancer); RR (95% CI) 1.42 (1.07-1.88) and lung cancer RR (95% CI) 2.71 (1.02-7.23) mortality. However, the cardiovascular; RR (95% CI) 1.18 (0.69-2.00) and respiratory; RR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.16-3.84) mortality risks were not statistically significant. This study confirms that as for men, middle-aged heavily smoking women have a two to threefold increased mortality risk. Adjustments for co-morbidity, socio-economic and marital status did not change these results.}},
author = {{Ekberg, Marie and Nilsson, P. M. and Nilsson, J.-A. and Löfdahl, Claes-Göran and Löfdahl, K.}},
issn = {{1573-7284}},
keywords = {{Tobacco; Women; Smoking; Mortality; Epidemiology; Men}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{5}},
pages = {{301--309}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{European Journal of Epidemiology}},
title = {{Mortality risks among heavy-smokers with special reference to women: a long-term follow-up of an urban population}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-007-9120-7}},
doi = {{10.1007/s10654-007-9120-7}},
volume = {{22}},
year = {{2007}},
}