Markov properties of Gaussian random fields on compact metric graphs
(2026) In Bernoulli 32(1). p.153-178- Abstract
There has recently been much interest in Gaussian fields on linear networks and, more generally, on compact metric graphs. One proposed strategy for defining such fields on a metric graph Γ is through a covariance function that is isotropic in a metric on the graph. Another is through a fractional-order differential equation Lα/2 (τu) = W on Γ, where L = κ2 − ∇(a∇) for (sufficiently nice) functions κ, a, and W is Gaussian white noise. We study Markov properties of these two types of fields. First, we show that no Gaussian random fields exist on general metric graphs that are both isotropic and Markov. Then, we show that the second type of fields, the generalized Whittle–Matérn fields, are Markov if α ∈ N, and... (More)
There has recently been much interest in Gaussian fields on linear networks and, more generally, on compact metric graphs. One proposed strategy for defining such fields on a metric graph Γ is through a covariance function that is isotropic in a metric on the graph. Another is through a fractional-order differential equation Lα/2 (τu) = W on Γ, where L = κ2 − ∇(a∇) for (sufficiently nice) functions κ, a, and W is Gaussian white noise. We study Markov properties of these two types of fields. First, we show that no Gaussian random fields exist on general metric graphs that are both isotropic and Markov. Then, we show that the second type of fields, the generalized Whittle–Matérn fields, are Markov if α ∈ N, and conversely, if a and κ are constant and u is Markov, then α ∈ N. Further, if α ∈ N, a generalized Whittle–Matérn field u is Markov of order α, which means that the field u in one region S ⊂ Γ is conditionally independent of u in Γ\S given the values of u and its α − 1 derivatives on δS. Finally, we provide two results as consequences of the theory developed: first we prove that the Markov property implies an explicit characterization of u on a fixed edge e, revealing that the conditional distribution of u on e given the values at the two vertices connected to e is independent of the geometry of Γ; second, we show that the solution to L1/2 (τu) = W on Γ can obtained by conditioning independent generalized Whittle–Matérn processes on the edges, with α = 1 and Neumann boundary conditions, on being continuous at the vertices.
(Less)
- author
- Bolin, Dav Id LU ; Simas, Alexandre B. LU and Wallin, Jonas LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2026-02
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Gaussian processes, networks, quantum graphs, stochastic partial differential equations
- in
- Bernoulli
- volume
- 32
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 26 pages
- publisher
- Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:105030169576
- ISSN
- 1350-7265
- DOI
- 10.3150/25-BEJ1853
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 64a0ca3b-7a43-45da-9299-902108f7f203
- date added to LUP
- 2026-03-03 15:04:35
- date last changed
- 2026-03-03 15:05:08
@article{64a0ca3b-7a43-45da-9299-902108f7f203,
abstract = {{<p>There has recently been much interest in Gaussian fields on linear networks and, more generally, on compact metric graphs. One proposed strategy for defining such fields on a metric graph Γ is through a covariance function that is isotropic in a metric on the graph. Another is through a fractional-order differential equation L<sup>α/2</sup> (τu) = W on Γ, where L = κ<sup>2</sup> − ∇(a∇) for (sufficiently nice) functions κ, a, and W is Gaussian white noise. We study Markov properties of these two types of fields. First, we show that no Gaussian random fields exist on general metric graphs that are both isotropic and Markov. Then, we show that the second type of fields, the generalized Whittle–Matérn fields, are Markov if α ∈ N, and conversely, if a and κ are constant and u is Markov, then α ∈ N. Further, if α ∈ N, a generalized Whittle–Matérn field u is Markov of order α, which means that the field u in one region S ⊂ Γ is conditionally independent of u in Γ\S given the values of u and its α − 1 derivatives on δS. Finally, we provide two results as consequences of the theory developed: first we prove that the Markov property implies an explicit characterization of u on a fixed edge e, revealing that the conditional distribution of u on e given the values at the two vertices connected to e is independent of the geometry of Γ; second, we show that the solution to L<sup>1/2</sup> (τu) = W on Γ can obtained by conditioning independent generalized Whittle–Matérn processes on the edges, with α = 1 and Neumann boundary conditions, on being continuous at the vertices.</p>}},
author = {{Bolin, Dav Id and Simas, Alexandre B. and Wallin, Jonas}},
issn = {{1350-7265}},
keywords = {{Gaussian processes; networks; quantum graphs; stochastic partial differential equations}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{153--178}},
publisher = {{Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability}},
series = {{Bernoulli}},
title = {{Markov properties of Gaussian random fields on compact metric graphs}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/25-BEJ1853}},
doi = {{10.3150/25-BEJ1853}},
volume = {{32}},
year = {{2026}},
}