Predictors of painkiller dependence among people with pain in the general population
(2014) In Pain Medicine (United States) 15(4). p.613-624- Abstract
Objectives: Self-medication with painkillers is widespread and increasing, and evidence about influences on painkiller dependence is needed to inform efforts to prevent and treat problem painkiller use. Design: Online questionnaire survey. Participants: People in the general population who had pain and used painkillers in the last month (N=112). Measurements: Pain frequency and intensity, use of over-the-counter and prescription painkillers, risk of substance abuse (Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain [SOAPP] scale), depression, anxiety, stress, alexithymia, pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, pain self-efficacy, pain acceptance, mindfulness, self-compassion, and painkiller dependence (Leeds Dependence Questionnaire).... (More)
Objectives: Self-medication with painkillers is widespread and increasing, and evidence about influences on painkiller dependence is needed to inform efforts to prevent and treat problem painkiller use. Design: Online questionnaire survey. Participants: People in the general population who had pain and used painkillers in the last month (N=112). Measurements: Pain frequency and intensity, use of over-the-counter and prescription painkillers, risk of substance abuse (Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain [SOAPP] scale), depression, anxiety, stress, alexithymia, pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, pain self-efficacy, pain acceptance, mindfulness, self-compassion, and painkiller dependence (Leeds Dependence Questionnaire). Results: In multiple regression, the independent predictors of painkiller dependence were prescription painkiller use (β 0.21), SOAPP score (β 0.31), and pain acceptance (β -0.29). Prescription painkiller use mediated the influence of pain intensity. Alexithymia, anxiety, and pain acceptance all moderated the influence of pain. Conclusions: The people most at risk of developing painkiller dependence are those who use prescription painkillers more frequently, who have a prior history of substance-related problems more generally, and who are less accepting of pain. Based on these findings, a preliminary model is presented with three types of influence on the development of painkiller dependence: 1) pain leading to painkiller use, 2) risk factors for substance-related problems irrespective of pain, and 3) psychological factors related to pain. The model could guide further research among the general population and high-risk groups, and acceptance-based interventions could be adapted and evaluated as methods to prevent and treat painkiller dependence.
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- author
- Elander, James ; Duarte, Joana LU ; Maratos, Frances A. and Gilbert, Paul
- publishing date
- 2014-04
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Addiction, Analgesics, Dependence, Medication, Pain
- in
- Pain Medicine (United States)
- volume
- 15
- issue
- 4
- pages
- 12 pages
- publisher
- Oxford University Press
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:24152117
- scopus:84897986117
- ISSN
- 1526-2375
- DOI
- 10.1111/pme.12263
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- id
- 67165b5b-498d-4f03-b576-c4129295a69c
- date added to LUP
- 2021-11-19 12:59:34
- date last changed
- 2024-04-06 13:54:42
@article{67165b5b-498d-4f03-b576-c4129295a69c,
abstract = {{<p>Objectives: Self-medication with painkillers is widespread and increasing, and evidence about influences on painkiller dependence is needed to inform efforts to prevent and treat problem painkiller use. Design: Online questionnaire survey. Participants: People in the general population who had pain and used painkillers in the last month (N=112). Measurements: Pain frequency and intensity, use of over-the-counter and prescription painkillers, risk of substance abuse (Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain [SOAPP] scale), depression, anxiety, stress, alexithymia, pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, pain self-efficacy, pain acceptance, mindfulness, self-compassion, and painkiller dependence (Leeds Dependence Questionnaire). Results: In multiple regression, the independent predictors of painkiller dependence were prescription painkiller use (β 0.21), SOAPP score (β 0.31), and pain acceptance (β -0.29). Prescription painkiller use mediated the influence of pain intensity. Alexithymia, anxiety, and pain acceptance all moderated the influence of pain. Conclusions: The people most at risk of developing painkiller dependence are those who use prescription painkillers more frequently, who have a prior history of substance-related problems more generally, and who are less accepting of pain. Based on these findings, a preliminary model is presented with three types of influence on the development of painkiller dependence: 1) pain leading to painkiller use, 2) risk factors for substance-related problems irrespective of pain, and 3) psychological factors related to pain. The model could guide further research among the general population and high-risk groups, and acceptance-based interventions could be adapted and evaluated as methods to prevent and treat painkiller dependence.</p>}},
author = {{Elander, James and Duarte, Joana and Maratos, Frances A. and Gilbert, Paul}},
issn = {{1526-2375}},
keywords = {{Addiction; Analgesics; Dependence; Medication; Pain}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{4}},
pages = {{613--624}},
publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
series = {{Pain Medicine (United States)}},
title = {{Predictors of painkiller dependence among people with pain in the general population}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pme.12263}},
doi = {{10.1111/pme.12263}},
volume = {{15}},
year = {{2014}},
}