Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Future Swedish 3D City Models : Specifications, Test Data, and Evaluation

Uggla, Maria ; Olsson, Perola LU ; Abdi, Barzan ; Axelsson, Björn ; Calvert, Matthew ; Christensen, Ulrika ; Gardevärn, Daniel ; Hirsch, Gabriel ; Jeansson, Eric and Kadric, Zuhret , et al. (2023) In ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12(2).
Abstract
Three-dimensional city models are increasingly being used for analyses and simulations. To enable such applications, it is necessary to standardise semantically richer city models and, in some cases, to connect the models with external data sources. In this study, we describe the development of a new Swedish specification for 3D city models, denoted as 3CIM, which is a joint effort between the three largest cities in Sweden—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. Technically, 3CIM is an extension of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0, implemented as an application domain extension (ADE). The ADE is semantically thin, mainly extending CityGML 2.0 to harmonise with national standards; in contrast, 3CIM is mainly based on linkages to external databases,... (More)
Three-dimensional city models are increasingly being used for analyses and simulations. To enable such applications, it is necessary to standardise semantically richer city models and, in some cases, to connect the models with external data sources. In this study, we describe the development of a new Swedish specification for 3D city models, denoted as 3CIM, which is a joint effort between the three largest cities in Sweden—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. Technically, 3CIM is an extension of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0, implemented as an application domain extension (ADE). The ADE is semantically thin, mainly extending CityGML 2.0 to harmonise with national standards; in contrast, 3CIM is mainly based on linkages to external databases, registers, and operational systems for the semantic part. The current version, 3CIM 1.0, includes various themes, including Bridge, Building, Utility, City Furniture, Transportation, Tunnel, Vegetation, and Water. Three test areas were created with 3CIM data, one in each city. These data were evaluated in several use-cases, including visualisation as well as daylight, noise, and flooding simulations. The conclusion from these use-cases is that the 3CIM data, together with the linked external data sources, allow for the inclusion of the necessary information for the visualisation and simulations, but extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes are required to tailor the input data. The next step is to implement 3CIM within the three cities, which will entail several challenges, as discussed at the end of the paper. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and , et al. (More)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and (Less)
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
3D city models, CityGML, standardisation, simulations, ADE
in
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
volume
12
issue
2
article number
47
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85148751587
ISSN
2220-9964
DOI
10.3390/ijgi12020047
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
67c8d800-9331-49ea-9ccd-28002d7a770f
date added to LUP
2023-02-16 16:34:46
date last changed
2023-04-06 10:05:17
@article{67c8d800-9331-49ea-9ccd-28002d7a770f,
  abstract     = {{Three-dimensional city models are increasingly being used for analyses and simulations. To enable such applications, it is necessary to standardise semantically richer city models and, in some cases, to connect the models with external data sources. In this study, we describe the development of a new Swedish specification for 3D city models, denoted as 3CIM, which is a joint effort between the three largest cities in Sweden—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. Technically, 3CIM is an extension of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0, implemented as an application domain extension (ADE). The ADE is semantically thin, mainly extending CityGML 2.0 to harmonise with national standards; in contrast, 3CIM is mainly based on linkages to external databases, registers, and operational systems for the semantic part. The current version, 3CIM 1.0, includes various themes, including Bridge, Building, Utility, City Furniture, Transportation, Tunnel, Vegetation, and Water. Three test areas were created with 3CIM data, one in each city. These data were evaluated in several use-cases, including visualisation as well as daylight, noise, and flooding simulations. The conclusion from these use-cases is that the 3CIM data, together with the linked external data sources, allow for the inclusion of the necessary information for the visualisation and simulations, but extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes are required to tailor the input data. The next step is to implement 3CIM within the three cities, which will entail several challenges, as discussed at the end of the paper.}},
  author       = {{Uggla, Maria and Olsson, Perola and Abdi, Barzan and Axelsson, Björn and Calvert, Matthew and Christensen, Ulrika and Gardevärn, Daniel and Hirsch, Gabriel and Jeansson, Eric and Kadric, Zuhret and Lord, Jonas and Loreman, Axel and Persson, Andreas and Setterby, Ola and Sjöberger, Maria and Stewart, Paul and Rudenå, Andreas and Ahlström, Andreas and Bauner, Mikael and Hartman, Kendall and Pantazatou, Karolina and Liu, Wenjing and Fan, Hongchao and Kong, Gefei and Li, Hang and Harrie, Lars}},
  issn         = {{2220-9964}},
  keywords     = {{3D city models; CityGML; standardisation; simulations; ADE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}},
  title        = {{Future Swedish 3D City Models : Specifications, Test Data, and Evaluation}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12020047}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ijgi12020047}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}