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Trust in Time : How the Impressionable Years, Detrimental Events and Collective Experiences Shape Social Trust

Saaranen, Alexander LU (2025) In Lund Dissertations in Sociology
Abstract
This dissertation is a compilation thesis comprised of three individual research articles that explore whether and how the impressionable years, detrimental events and collective crises predict social trust – the belief that most people can be trusted. Despite the widespread scholarly interest in social trust, most previous research in the formation of social trust over the life-course is based on data from adults. While the relevant existing studies place emphasis on social trust’s durability and resistance to change, surprisingly few studies have examined if this holds true during adolescence and early adulthood. Specific attention is thus paid to the question how social trust develops from adolescence to early adulthood and beyond.... (More)
This dissertation is a compilation thesis comprised of three individual research articles that explore whether and how the impressionable years, detrimental events and collective crises predict social trust – the belief that most people can be trusted. Despite the widespread scholarly interest in social trust, most previous research in the formation of social trust over the life-course is based on data from adults. While the relevant existing studies place emphasis on social trust’s durability and resistance to change, surprisingly few studies have examined if this holds true during adolescence and early adulthood. Specific attention is thus paid to the question how social trust develops from adolescence to early adulthood and beyond. Empirically, the thesis’ main data come from the Swiss Household Panel study, which, crucially, includes respondents from the year they turn 14, thus making it possible to analyse the development of individual-level social trust from early teenagerhood throughout adolescence and beyond. For comparatative purposes, the thesis also draw on cross-sectional survey data from the European Social Survey and the World Values Survey. Analysing stability and change in social trust during the COVID-19 pandemic, it finds that an exceptionally large share of respondents displayed a decline in social trust in spring 2020. However, in most cases, the earlier losses in trust recovered to pre-crisis levels shortly afterwards, thus lending support for the notion that people’s social trust tend to fluctuate around a baseline set-point. Using a range of different quantitative modelling techniques, it is also found that social trust substantially declines at the onset of teenagerhood, a timeframe that also marks the beginning of a life-course period frequently refered to as the ‘impressionable years’. Although people’s social trust tend to gradually recover over the life span, it never fully recovers to the same levels displayed at the age of 14. Examining the scarring effect of negative experiences, it emphasizes that youth – but not adult – unemployment leaves lasting scars on people’s social trust, well into adulthood. Those ‘scars’ are cumulative, as they go deeper with both the number and duration of unemployment experiences. Overall, the thesis challenges prevailing understandings and synthesis of the litterature on the so-called cultural perspective and the impressionable years. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Denna avhandling är en sammanläggningsavhandling som består av tre enskilda forskningsartiklar som undersöker om och hur de inflytelserika åren, negativa händelser och kollektiva kriser påverkar social tillit – tron att dom flesta människor går att lita på. Trots det omfattande vetenskapliga intresset för social tillit, baseras större delen av tidigare forskning om hur social tillit formas över livsloppet på data från vuxna respondenter. Även om befintliga studier ofta betonar att social tillit är stabil och sällan förändras, har förvånansvärt få undersökt om detta även gäller under ungdomsåren och tidig vuxenålder. Avhandlingen lägger därför särskild vikt vid hur social tillit utvecklas från tonåren till tidig vuxenålder och därefter. Det... (More)
Denna avhandling är en sammanläggningsavhandling som består av tre enskilda forskningsartiklar som undersöker om och hur de inflytelserika åren, negativa händelser och kollektiva kriser påverkar social tillit – tron att dom flesta människor går att lita på. Trots det omfattande vetenskapliga intresset för social tillit, baseras större delen av tidigare forskning om hur social tillit formas över livsloppet på data från vuxna respondenter. Även om befintliga studier ofta betonar att social tillit är stabil och sällan förändras, har förvånansvärt få undersökt om detta även gäller under ungdomsåren och tidig vuxenålder. Avhandlingen lägger därför särskild vikt vid hur social tillit utvecklas från tonåren till tidig vuxenålder och därefter. Det empiriska materialet i avhandlingen baseras i huvudsak på longitudinell data från ’The Swiss Household Panel’, som avgörande nog inkluderar respondenter från det år de fyller 14 år. Detta gör det möjligt att analysera utvecklingen av social tillit på individnivå från början av tonåren genom de mer formbara åren och vidare. För jämförande syften används även tvärsnittsdata från ’European Social Survey’ och ’World Values Survey’. Vid analys av stabilitet och förändring i social tillit under COVID-19 pandemin visar resultaten att en ovanligt stor andel respondenter upplevde en minskning i social tillit under våren 2020. I de flesta fall återhämtade sig tilliten till nivåer liknande dem före krisen kort därefter, vilket gav stöd till idéen att människors sociala tillit tenderar att variera kring en grundläggande ’bas’ nivå. Genom användning av olika kvantitativa modelleringstekniker visar avhandlingen också att social tillit minskar avsevärt i början av tonåren – en person som ofta benämns som de ’inflytelserika åren’. Även om människors tillit tenderar att återhämta sig gradvis över livsloppet, återgår den aldrig helt till den nivå som sågs vid 14 års ålder. Vid närmare undersökning av effekten på ärr som negativa upplevelser kan lämna visar avhandlingen att ungdomsarbetslöshet – men inte vuxenarbetslöshet – lämnar långvariga spår i människors sociala tillit, som dessutom varar lång in i vuxenlivet. Dessa ’ärr’ är kumulativa, eftersom de fördjupas med både antal och längd av arbetslöshetserfarenheter. Sammanfattningsvis utmanar avhandlingen rådande förståelser och synteser i tillits litteraturen av det så kallade kulturella perspektivet och betydelsen av de inflytelserika åren. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Bitr. Professor Wallman Lundåsen, Susanne, Linköping University
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
social trust, impressionable years, adolescence, cultural perspective, longitudinal
in
Lund Dissertations in Sociology
pages
206 pages
defense location
Gamla köket, Sh128, Allhelgona Kyrkogata 8, Lund
defense date
2025-06-12 13:15:00
ISSN
1102-4712
1102-4712
ISBN
978-91-8104-462-1
978-91-8104-461-4
project
What guides adolescents social trust? A quantitative study based on longitudinal surveys.
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
67fe0eef-4274-4efb-a2ea-848ddb5725f4
date added to LUP
2025-05-08 12:59:14
date last changed
2025-05-12 11:13:48
@phdthesis{67fe0eef-4274-4efb-a2ea-848ddb5725f4,
  abstract     = {{This dissertation is a compilation thesis comprised of three individual research articles that explore whether and how the impressionable years, detrimental events and collective crises predict social trust – the belief that most people can be trusted. Despite the widespread scholarly interest in social trust, most previous research in the formation of social trust over the life-course is based on data from adults. While the relevant existing studies place emphasis on social trust’s durability and resistance to change, surprisingly few studies have examined if this holds true during adolescence and early adulthood. Specific attention is thus paid to the question how social trust develops from adolescence to early adulthood and beyond. Empirically, the thesis’ main data come from the Swiss Household Panel study, which, crucially, includes respondents from the year they turn 14, thus making it possible to analyse the development of individual-level social trust from early teenagerhood throughout adolescence and beyond. For comparatative purposes, the thesis also draw on cross-sectional survey data from the European Social Survey and the World Values Survey. Analysing stability and change in social trust during the COVID-19 pandemic, it finds that an exceptionally large share of respondents displayed a decline in social trust in spring 2020. However, in most cases, the earlier losses in trust recovered to pre-crisis levels shortly afterwards, thus lending support for the notion that people’s social trust tend to fluctuate around a baseline set-point. Using a range of different quantitative modelling techniques, it is also found that social trust substantially declines at the onset of teenagerhood, a timeframe that also marks the beginning of a life-course period frequently refered to as the ‘impressionable years’. Although people’s social trust tend to gradually recover over the life span, it never fully recovers to the same levels displayed at the age of 14. Examining the scarring effect of negative experiences, it emphasizes that youth – but not adult – unemployment leaves lasting scars on people’s social trust, well into adulthood. Those ‘scars’ are cumulative, as they go deeper with both the number and duration of unemployment experiences. Overall, the thesis challenges prevailing understandings and synthesis of the litterature on the so-called cultural perspective and the impressionable years.}},
  author       = {{Saaranen, Alexander}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-8104-462-1}},
  issn         = {{1102-4712}},
  keywords     = {{social trust; impressionable years; adolescence; cultural perspective; longitudinal}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund Dissertations in Sociology}},
  title        = {{Trust in Time : How the Impressionable Years, Detrimental Events and Collective Experiences Shape Social Trust}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/218766008/Trust_in_Time.pdf}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}