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PFAS in the Drinking Water Source: Analysis of the Contamination Levels, Origin and Emission Rates

Mussabek, Dauren LU ; Söderman, Anna ; Imura, Tomomi ; Persson, Kenneth M LU ; Nakagawa, Kei ; Ahrens, Lutz and Berndtsson, Ronny LU orcid (2023) In Water 15(1).
Abstract
Groundwater contamination caused by the use of the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated in southern Sweden. ΣPFAS concentrations in groundwater ranged between 20 and 20,000 ng L−1; PFAS composition was primarily represented by PFOS and PFHxS. The PFAS chain length was suggested to have an impact on the contaminant distribution and transport in the groundwater. PFAS profiling showed that the use of PFSAs- and PFCAs/FTSAs-based PFAS-AFFF can be a contributor to PFAS contamination of the drinking water source (groundwater). PFAS emission was connected to PFAS-AFFF use during the fire-training and fire-fighting equipment tests at the studied location. PFAS emission per... (More)
Groundwater contamination caused by the use of the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated in southern Sweden. ΣPFAS concentrations in groundwater ranged between 20 and 20,000 ng L−1; PFAS composition was primarily represented by PFOS and PFHxS. The PFAS chain length was suggested to have an impact on the contaminant distribution and transport in the groundwater. PFAS profiling showed that the use of PFSAs- and PFCAs/FTSAs-based PFAS-AFFF can be a contributor to PFAS contamination of the drinking water source (groundwater). PFAS emission was connected to PFAS-AFFF use during the fire-training and fire-fighting equipment tests at the studied location. PFAS emission per individual fire training was (semi-quantitatively) estimated as [1.4 < 11.5 ± 5.7 < 43.7 kg] (n = 20,000). The annual emission estimates varied as [11 < 401 ± 233 < 1125 kg yr−1] (n = 1005) considering possible [2 < 35 ± 20 < 96] individual fire-training sessions per year. (Less)
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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
groundwater, PFAS, AFFF
in
Water
volume
15
issue
1
article number
137
pages
13 pages
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85146054836
ISSN
2073-4441
DOI
10.3390/w15010137
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
68e46936-80bc-4142-913d-2ad9f0d6d891
date added to LUP
2023-01-04 11:29:33
date last changed
2023-02-16 15:18:27
@article{68e46936-80bc-4142-913d-2ad9f0d6d891,
  abstract     = {{Groundwater contamination caused by the use of the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated in southern Sweden. ΣPFAS concentrations in groundwater ranged between 20 and 20,000 ng L−1; PFAS composition was primarily represented by PFOS and PFHxS. The PFAS chain length was suggested to have an impact on the contaminant distribution and transport in the groundwater. PFAS profiling showed that the use of PFSAs- and PFCAs/FTSAs-based PFAS-AFFF can be a contributor to PFAS contamination of the drinking water source (groundwater). PFAS emission was connected to PFAS-AFFF use during the fire-training and fire-fighting equipment tests at the studied location. PFAS emission per individual fire training was (semi-quantitatively) estimated as [1.4 &lt; 11.5 ± 5.7 &lt; 43.7 kg] (n = 20,000). The annual emission estimates varied as [11 &lt; 401 ± 233 &lt; 1125 kg yr−1] (n = 1005) considering possible [2 &lt; 35 ± 20 &lt; 96] individual fire-training sessions per year.}},
  author       = {{Mussabek, Dauren and Söderman, Anna and Imura, Tomomi and Persson, Kenneth M and Nakagawa, Kei and Ahrens, Lutz and Berndtsson, Ronny}},
  issn         = {{2073-4441}},
  keywords     = {{groundwater; PFAS; AFFF}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Water}},
  title        = {{PFAS in the Drinking Water Source: Analysis of the Contamination Levels, Origin and Emission Rates}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010137}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/w15010137}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}