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Increased cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 concentration in Alzheimer's disease

Heslegrave, A ; Heywood, Wendy ; Paterson, Ross ; Magdalinou, Nadia ; Svensson, Johan LU ; Johansson, Per LU ; Öhrfelt, Annika ; Blennow, Kaj LU ; Hardy, John and Schott, Jonathan , et al. (2016) In Molecular Neurodegeneration 11. p.1-7
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The discovery that heterozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with only the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene allele conferring a higher risk, has led to increased interest in immune biology in the brain. TREM2 is expressed on microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and has been linked to phagocytotic clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) has previously been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA but in our hands commercial kits have proved unreliable, suggesting that other methods may be required. We developed a mass spectrometry method using selected reaction monitoring for... (More)

BACKGROUND: The discovery that heterozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with only the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene allele conferring a higher risk, has led to increased interest in immune biology in the brain. TREM2 is expressed on microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and has been linked to phagocytotic clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) has previously been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA but in our hands commercial kits have proved unreliable, suggesting that other methods may be required. We developed a mass spectrometry method using selected reaction monitoring for the presence of a TREM2 peptide, which can be used to quantify levels of sTREM2 in CSF.

FINDINGS: We examined CSF samples from memory clinics in Sweden and the UK. For all samples the following were available: clinical diagnosis, age, sex, and measurements of the CSF AD biomarkers Aβ42, T-tau and P-tau181. AD patients (n = 37) all met biomarker (IWG2) criteria for AD. Control individuals (n = 22) were cognitively normal without evidence for AD in CSF. We found significantly higher sTREM2 concentration in AD compared to control CSF. There were significant correlations between CSF sTREM2 and T-tau as well as P-tau181. CSF sTREM2 increase in AD was replicated in a second, independent cohort consisting of 24 AD patients and 16 healthy volunteers.

CONCLUSION: CSF concentrations of sTREM2 are higher in AD than in controls, and correlate with markers of neurodegeneration. CSF sTREM2 may be used to quantify glial activation in AD.

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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
keywords
Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
in
Molecular Neurodegeneration
volume
11
article number
3
pages
1 - 7
publisher
BioMed Central (BMC)
external identifiers
  • pmid:26754172
  • scopus:84954101303
ISSN
1750-1326
DOI
10.1186/s13024-016-0071-x
project
Endocrine and diagnostic aspects of cognitive impairment
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
6b991820-843a-44d7-ba87-4ffc07ddbc81
date added to LUP
2016-09-29 16:22:25
date last changed
2024-04-19 10:13:22
@article{6b991820-843a-44d7-ba87-4ffc07ddbc81,
  abstract     = {{<p>BACKGROUND: The discovery that heterozygous missense mutations in the gene encoding triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with only the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene allele conferring a higher risk, has led to increased interest in immune biology in the brain. TREM2 is expressed on microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and has been linked to phagocytotic clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) has previously been measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA but in our hands commercial kits have proved unreliable, suggesting that other methods may be required. We developed a mass spectrometry method using selected reaction monitoring for the presence of a TREM2 peptide, which can be used to quantify levels of sTREM2 in CSF.</p><p>FINDINGS: We examined CSF samples from memory clinics in Sweden and the UK. For all samples the following were available: clinical diagnosis, age, sex, and measurements of the CSF AD biomarkers Aβ42, T-tau and P-tau181. AD patients (n = 37) all met biomarker (IWG2) criteria for AD. Control individuals (n = 22) were cognitively normal without evidence for AD in CSF. We found significantly higher sTREM2 concentration in AD compared to control CSF. There were significant correlations between CSF sTREM2 and T-tau as well as P-tau181. CSF sTREM2 increase in AD was replicated in a second, independent cohort consisting of 24 AD patients and 16 healthy volunteers.</p><p>CONCLUSION: CSF concentrations of sTREM2 are higher in AD than in controls, and correlate with markers of neurodegeneration. CSF sTREM2 may be used to quantify glial activation in AD.</p>}},
  author       = {{Heslegrave, A and Heywood, Wendy and Paterson, Ross and Magdalinou, Nadia and Svensson, Johan and Johansson, Per and Öhrfelt, Annika and Blennow, Kaj and Hardy, John and Schott, Jonathan and Mills, Kevin and Zetterberg, Henrik}},
  issn         = {{1750-1326}},
  keywords     = {{Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--7}},
  publisher    = {{BioMed Central (BMC)}},
  series       = {{Molecular Neurodegeneration}},
  title        = {{Increased cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 concentration in Alzheimer's disease}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13024-016-0071-x}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/s13024-016-0071-x}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2016}},
}