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I det modernas landskap. Historisk orientering och kritiska berättelser om det moderna Sverige mellan 1960 och 1990

Wiklund, Martin LU (2006)
Abstract
The aim of the study is to make visible a field of conflicting narratives of modern Sweden expressed by different political groups and to contribute to the working through of the conflict of interpretation. Four political challenges to the established success story of Sweden's development from a poor society to modern welfare state, are analysed: the Left in the 1960s, the new Women's movement in the 1970s, the Alternative movement and the Environmental Party in the late 1970s and early 1980s and, finally, the liberal challenge of the Moderates in the 1980s. The general questions are: What narratives about modern Sweden were developed by the different political groups? What kinds of criticism against modern Sweden did the different... (More)
The aim of the study is to make visible a field of conflicting narratives of modern Sweden expressed by different political groups and to contribute to the working through of the conflict of interpretation. Four political challenges to the established success story of Sweden's development from a poor society to modern welfare state, are analysed: the Left in the 1960s, the new Women's movement in the 1970s, the Alternative movement and the Environmental Party in the late 1970s and early 1980s and, finally, the liberal challenge of the Moderates in the 1980s. The general questions are: What narratives about modern Sweden were developed by the different political groups? What kinds of criticism against modern Sweden did the different political groups express? The empirical analyses also aim to throw light on two more general questions: What is a plausible narrative of modern Sweden? How should the plausibility of narratives be discussed and assessed? The source material consists mainly of political magazines and to some extent of political programs and publications related to the different political groups.



A perspective on historical narratives inspired by Jörn Rüsen and a method for analysing historical narratives are developed. Narratives are seen as ways of expressing criticism and orienting practice, making the present comprehensible in the light of the past in order to be able to confront the future. With inspiration from Charles Taylor, orientation and understanding one's identity is explained as finding out one's standpoint in relation to important places in a landscape of values and what goal is worth pursuing. In the landscape of modernity, narratives of modernity interpret a certain society's past, present and possible or probable future directions of development and express criticism, hopes and fears. In this study, the most important goals and directions in the landscape are made up by the ideals inherent in enlightenment, romanticism and the different political ideologies.



The narratives that are analysed include narratives of modern Sweden as a bourgeois, centralist, authoritarian and capitalist society (the "New Left"), as a monopolistic-capitalist, fascist society (the Marxist-Leninists), as a monopolistic-capitalist and patriarchal society (the Marxist feminists), as a society dominated by a technological, rationalist and male culture (the women's culture feminists), as a conventional, technocratic, growth oriented society (the alternative movement), and as either a liberal and individualistic society threatened by collectivist and totalitarian socialism or a collectivist, socialist or Social Democratic and almost totalitarian society (the Moderates). Most of the criticism of modernity was directed against either the lack of democracy or excessive rationalism. Other dimensions of the critique of modern Sweden are the lack of community, warmth, authenticity, beauty, meaningfulness, ideological commitment and individual responsibility. A critique of instrumental rationality and objectification can be found in all of the groups, directed against capitalism, socialism, technocracy or patriarchy. In the last chapter, it is argued that assessing narratives involves questions about how a certain society and its direction of development should be evaluated, what problems and conflicts are most relevant, the plausibility of solutions and future goals and the plausibility of the self-understanding expressed and the relationship to other actors/groups. It is suggested that more comprehensive narratives can be achieved through reflection on the viewpoints implied in particular narratives and a gradual widening of perspective. In order to contribute to a historically well-motivated, balanced, just and non-discriminatory practice, both defenders and critics of modern Sweden ought to be included in the narrative and visions of the future ought to be able to take earlier criticism into account. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Syftet med studien är att synliggöra ett konfliktfält med berättelser om det moderna Sverige som uttrycks av olika politiska grupper och att främja bearbetningen av tolkningskonflikten. Fyra politiska utmaningar mot den etablerade framgångsberättelsen om Sveriges utveckling från ett fattigt land till en modern välfärdsstat analyseras: 60-talsvänstern, den nya kvinnorörelsen på 1970-talet, alternativrörelsen och miljöpartiet i slutet av 1970-talet och början av 1980-talet samt moderaternas liberala utmaning på 1980-talet. De två centrala frågorna är: Vilka berättelser om det moderna Sverige utformade de olika politiska grupperna? Vilka former av kritik mot det moderna Sverige gav grupperna uttryck för? De empiriska analyserna har även till... (More)
Syftet med studien är att synliggöra ett konfliktfält med berättelser om det moderna Sverige som uttrycks av olika politiska grupper och att främja bearbetningen av tolkningskonflikten. Fyra politiska utmaningar mot den etablerade framgångsberättelsen om Sveriges utveckling från ett fattigt land till en modern välfärdsstat analyseras: 60-talsvänstern, den nya kvinnorörelsen på 1970-talet, alternativrörelsen och miljöpartiet i slutet av 1970-talet och början av 1980-talet samt moderaternas liberala utmaning på 1980-talet. De två centrala frågorna är: Vilka berättelser om det moderna Sverige utformade de olika politiska grupperna? Vilka former av kritik mot det moderna Sverige gav grupperna uttryck för? De empiriska analyserna har även till syfte att belysa två mer allmänna frågor: Vad är en rimlig berättelse om det moderna Sverige? Hur bör berättelsers rimlighet diskuteras och bedömas? Källmaterialet består främst av politiska tidskrifter och i viss utsträckning av partiprogram och andra skrifter som är relaterade till de olika grupperna.

I avhandlingen utvecklas ett perspektiv på historiska berättelser som är inspirerat av Jörn Rüsen och en metod för att analysera historiska berättelser. Berättelser ses som ett sätt att orientera praxis genom att tolka nutiden i ljuset av det förflutna för att kunna hantera framtiden. Med inspiration från Charles Taylor liknas orientering och att förstå den egna identiteten vid att känna till sin position i relation till viktiga platser i ett landskap av värden och att urskilja vilka mål som är eftersträvansvärda. En modernitetsberättelse ger en tolkning av ett visst samhälles väg från det förflutna, via nutiden till en möjlig eller trolig framtida utvecklingsriktning och uttrycker därigenom kritik, förhoppningar och farhågor. I den här studien utgörs de viktigaste målen och riktningarna i landskapet av idealen hos upplysningen, romantiken och de olika politiska ideologierna.

Berättelserna som analyseras omfattar berättelser om det moderna Sverige som ett borgerligt, centralistiskt, auktoritärt och kapitalistiskt samhälle (nyvänstern), som ett monopol-kapitalistiskt, fascistiskt samhälle (marxist-leninisterna), som ett monopol-kapitalistiskt och patriarkalt samhälle (de marxistiska feministerna), som ett samhälle präglat av en teknologisk, rationalistisk och manlig kultur (kvinnokultursfeministerna), som ett konventionsbundet, teknokratiskt, tillväxtorienterat samhälle (alternativrörelsen), och som antingen ett liberalt och individualistiskt samhälle som hotas av kollektivism och totalitär socialism eller som ett redan kollektivistiskt, socialistiskt eller socialdemokratiskt och närmast totalitärt samhälle (moderaterna).

Det mesta av modernitetskritiken riktades antingen mot bristen på demokrati i vid mening eller mot den överdrivna rationalismen. Andra dimensioner av kritiken mot det moderna Sverige var bristen på gemenskap, värme, äkthet, skönhet, meningsfulhet, ideologiskt engagemang och individuellt ansvarstagande. Kritik mot instrumentell rationalitet och objektifiering återfinns hos alla grupperna, riktad mot kapitalismen, socialismen, teknokratin eller patriarkatet. I slutkapitlet argumenteras för att bedömningen av berättelser omfattar frågor om hur ett visst samhälle och dess utvecklingsriktning ska bedömas, vilka problem och konflikter som är mest relevanta, rimligheten i de lösningar och framtida mål som föreslås och rimligheten i den självförståelse och relation till andra grupper som berättelsen ger uttryck för. Det argumenteras vidare för att mer allmängiltiga berättelser kan konstrueras genom reflektion över de ståndpunkter som enskilda berättelser bygger på och en successiv perspektivutvidgning. För att bidra till en historiskt välmotiverad, balanserad, rättvis och icke-diskriminerande praxis, bör både försvarare och kritiker av det moderna Sverige inkluderas i berättelsen och framtidsvisionerna ta hänsyn till tidigare kritik. (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • Docent Björk, Ragnar, Södertörns högskola
organization
alternative title
In the Landscape of Modernity. Historical Orientation and Critical Narratives of Modern Sweden between 1960 and 1990
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
liberalism, ecologism, feminism, socialism, cultural radicalism, enlightenment, romanticism, the Moderates, the Green Party, Environmental Party, the Alternative movement, the New Women's movement, the New Left, the Social Democrats, Charles Taylor, Jürgen Habermas, Jörn Rüsen, hermeneutics, discourse ethics, communicative rationality, validity claims, historical orientation, historical consciousness, modernism, landscape of modernity, narrative analysis, narratives of modernity, criticism of modernity, the People's home, modern Sweden, the welfare state, History, Historia, Theory of history, Historieteori, Contemporary history (since 1914), Nutidshistoria (från 1914), Political history, Politisk historia
pages
480 pages
publisher
Brutus Östlings Bokförlag Symposion
defense location
Sal 3, Historiska institutionen, Magle stora kyrkogata 12 A, Lund
defense date
2006-06-12 10:15:00
ISBN
91-7139-753-1
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
6bcd2d61-aaa1-4fff-a94f-c37609754c53 (old id 25461)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 11:58:12
date last changed
2023-04-24 14:27:27
@phdthesis{6bcd2d61-aaa1-4fff-a94f-c37609754c53,
  abstract     = {{The aim of the study is to make visible a field of conflicting narratives of modern Sweden expressed by different political groups and to contribute to the working through of the conflict of interpretation. Four political challenges to the established success story of Sweden's development from a poor society to modern welfare state, are analysed: the Left in the 1960s, the new Women's movement in the 1970s, the Alternative movement and the Environmental Party in the late 1970s and early 1980s and, finally, the liberal challenge of the Moderates in the 1980s. The general questions are: What narratives about modern Sweden were developed by the different political groups? What kinds of criticism against modern Sweden did the different political groups express? The empirical analyses also aim to throw light on two more general questions: What is a plausible narrative of modern Sweden? How should the plausibility of narratives be discussed and assessed? The source material consists mainly of political magazines and to some extent of political programs and publications related to the different political groups.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
A perspective on historical narratives inspired by Jörn Rüsen and a method for analysing historical narratives are developed. Narratives are seen as ways of expressing criticism and orienting practice, making the present comprehensible in the light of the past in order to be able to confront the future. With inspiration from Charles Taylor, orientation and understanding one's identity is explained as finding out one's standpoint in relation to important places in a landscape of values and what goal is worth pursuing. In the landscape of modernity, narratives of modernity interpret a certain society's past, present and possible or probable future directions of development and express criticism, hopes and fears. In this study, the most important goals and directions in the landscape are made up by the ideals inherent in enlightenment, romanticism and the different political ideologies.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The narratives that are analysed include narratives of modern Sweden as a bourgeois, centralist, authoritarian and capitalist society (the "New Left"), as a monopolistic-capitalist, fascist society (the Marxist-Leninists), as a monopolistic-capitalist and patriarchal society (the Marxist feminists), as a society dominated by a technological, rationalist and male culture (the women's culture feminists), as a conventional, technocratic, growth oriented society (the alternative movement), and as either a liberal and individualistic society threatened by collectivist and totalitarian socialism or a collectivist, socialist or Social Democratic and almost totalitarian society (the Moderates). Most of the criticism of modernity was directed against either the lack of democracy or excessive rationalism. Other dimensions of the critique of modern Sweden are the lack of community, warmth, authenticity, beauty, meaningfulness, ideological commitment and individual responsibility. A critique of instrumental rationality and objectification can be found in all of the groups, directed against capitalism, socialism, technocracy or patriarchy. In the last chapter, it is argued that assessing narratives involves questions about how a certain society and its direction of development should be evaluated, what problems and conflicts are most relevant, the plausibility of solutions and future goals and the plausibility of the self-understanding expressed and the relationship to other actors/groups. It is suggested that more comprehensive narratives can be achieved through reflection on the viewpoints implied in particular narratives and a gradual widening of perspective. In order to contribute to a historically well-motivated, balanced, just and non-discriminatory practice, both defenders and critics of modern Sweden ought to be included in the narrative and visions of the future ought to be able to take earlier criticism into account.}},
  author       = {{Wiklund, Martin}},
  isbn         = {{91-7139-753-1}},
  keywords     = {{liberalism; ecologism; feminism; socialism; cultural radicalism; enlightenment; romanticism; the Moderates; the Green Party; Environmental Party; the Alternative movement; the New Women's movement; the New Left; the Social Democrats; Charles Taylor; Jürgen Habermas; Jörn Rüsen; hermeneutics; discourse ethics; communicative rationality; validity claims; historical orientation; historical consciousness; modernism; landscape of modernity; narrative analysis; narratives of modernity; criticism of modernity; the People's home; modern Sweden; the welfare state; History; Historia; Theory of history; Historieteori; Contemporary history (since 1914); Nutidshistoria (från 1914); Political history; Politisk historia}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Brutus Östlings Bokförlag Symposion}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{I det modernas landskap. Historisk orientering och kritiska berättelser om det moderna Sverige mellan 1960 och 1990}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}