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Nanoscale X-ray Imaging of Composition and Ferroelastic Domains in Heterostructured Perovskite Nanowires : Implications for Optoelectronic Devices

Hammarberg, Susanna LU ; Marçal, Lucas Atila Bernardes LU ; Lamers, Nils LU ; Zhang, Zhaojun LU ; Chen, Huaiyu LU ; Björling, Alexander LU and Wallentin, Jesper LU (2023) In ACS Applied Nano Materials 6(19). p.17698-17705
Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant interest as promising candidates for nanoscale optoelectronic applications due to their excellent optical properties. Axially heterostructured CsPbBr3-CsPb(Br(1-x)Clx)3 nanowires can be produced by localized anion exchange of pregrown CsPbBr3 nanowires. However, characterizing such heterostructures with sufficient strain and real space resolution is challenging. Here, we use nanofocused scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 60 nm beam to investigate a heterostructured MHP nanowire as well as a reference CsPbBr3 nanowire. The nano-XRD approach gives spatially resolved maps of... (More)

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant interest as promising candidates for nanoscale optoelectronic applications due to their excellent optical properties. Axially heterostructured CsPbBr3-CsPb(Br(1-x)Clx)3 nanowires can be produced by localized anion exchange of pregrown CsPbBr3 nanowires. However, characterizing such heterostructures with sufficient strain and real space resolution is challenging. Here, we use nanofocused scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 60 nm beam to investigate a heterostructured MHP nanowire as well as a reference CsPbBr3 nanowire. The nano-XRD approach gives spatially resolved maps of composition, lattice spacing, and lattice tilt. Both the reference and exchanged nanowire show signs of diverse types of ferroelastic domains, as revealed by the tilt maps. The chlorinated segment shows an average Cl composition of x = 66 and x = 70% as measured by XRD and XRF, respectively. The XRD measurements give a much more consistent result than the XRF ones. These findings are consistent with photoluminescence measurements, showing x = 73%. The nominally unexchanged segment also has a small concentration of Cl, as observed with all three methods, which we attribute to diffusion after processing. These results highlight the need to prevent such unwanted processes in order to fabricate optoelectronic devices based on MHP heterostructures.

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
CsPbBr, heterostructures, MHP, nanowires, perovskites, scanning XRD, XRF
in
ACS Applied Nano Materials
volume
6
issue
19
pages
7 pages
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • pmid:37854855
  • scopus:85174962557
ISSN
2574-0970
DOI
10.1021/acsanm.3c02978
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
id
6f473ff4-44ee-4ed0-9080-6ef47ed8a1b7
date added to LUP
2023-11-06 08:54:28
date last changed
2024-04-19 03:35:55
@article{6f473ff4-44ee-4ed0-9080-6ef47ed8a1b7,
  abstract     = {{<p>Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant interest as promising candidates for nanoscale optoelectronic applications due to their excellent optical properties. Axially heterostructured CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>-CsPb(Br<sub>(1-x)</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub>)<sub>3</sub> nanowires can be produced by localized anion exchange of pregrown CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanowires. However, characterizing such heterostructures with sufficient strain and real space resolution is challenging. Here, we use nanofocused scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with a 60 nm beam to investigate a heterostructured MHP nanowire as well as a reference CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> nanowire. The nano-XRD approach gives spatially resolved maps of composition, lattice spacing, and lattice tilt. Both the reference and exchanged nanowire show signs of diverse types of ferroelastic domains, as revealed by the tilt maps. The chlorinated segment shows an average Cl composition of x = 66 and x = 70% as measured by XRD and XRF, respectively. The XRD measurements give a much more consistent result than the XRF ones. These findings are consistent with photoluminescence measurements, showing x = 73%. The nominally unexchanged segment also has a small concentration of Cl, as observed with all three methods, which we attribute to diffusion after processing. These results highlight the need to prevent such unwanted processes in order to fabricate optoelectronic devices based on MHP heterostructures.</p>}},
  author       = {{Hammarberg, Susanna and Marçal, Lucas Atila Bernardes and Lamers, Nils and Zhang, Zhaojun and Chen, Huaiyu and Björling, Alexander and Wallentin, Jesper}},
  issn         = {{2574-0970}},
  keywords     = {{CsPbBr; heterostructures; MHP; nanowires; perovskites; scanning XRD; XRF}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{19}},
  pages        = {{17698--17705}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{ACS Applied Nano Materials}},
  title        = {{Nanoscale X-ray Imaging of Composition and Ferroelastic Domains in Heterostructured Perovskite Nanowires : Implications for Optoelectronic Devices}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c02978}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/acsanm.3c02978}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}