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How to avoid glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids

Erixon, Martin LU ; Wieslander, Anders ; Linden, Torbjorn ; Carlsson, Ola ; Forsback, Gunita ; Svensson, Eva ; Jönsson, Jan Åke LU and Kjellstrand, Per (2006) In Peritoneal Dialysis International 26(4). p.490-497
Abstract
Objective: The formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs) during sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) is one of the most important aspects of biocompatibility of glucose-containing PDFs. Producers of PDFs are thus trying to minimize the level of GDPs in their products. 3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) has been identified as the most bioreactive GDP in PDFs. It exists in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with a pool of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and is a precursor in the irreversible formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (5-HMF). The aim of the present study was to investigate how to minimize GDPs in PDFs and how different manufacturers have succeeded in doing so. Design: Glucose solutions at different pHs and... (More)
Objective: The formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs) during sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) is one of the most important aspects of biocompatibility of glucose-containing PDFs. Producers of PDFs are thus trying to minimize the level of GDPs in their products. 3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) has been identified as the most bioreactive GDP in PDFs. It exists in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with a pool of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and is a precursor in the irreversible formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (5-HMF). The aim of the present study was to investigate how to minimize GDPs in PDFs and how different manufacturers have succeeded in doing so. Design: Glucose solutions at different pHs and concentrations were heat sterilized and 3-DG, 3,4-DGE, 5-HMF, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were analyzed. Conventional as well as biocompatible fluids from different manufacturers were analyzed in parallel for GDP concentrations. Results: The concentrations of 3-DG and 3,4-DGE produced during heat sterilization decreased when pH was reduced to about 2. Concentration of 5-HMF decreased when pH was reduced to 2.6. After further decrease to a pH of 2.0, concentration of 5-HMF increased slightly, and below a pH of 2.0 it increased considerably, together with formaldehyde; 3-DG continued to drop and 3,4-DGE remained constant. Inhibition of cell growth was paralleled by 3,4-DGE concentration at pH 2.0-6.0. A high glucose concentration lowered concentrations of 3,4-DGE and 3-DG at pH 5.5 and of 5-HMF at pH 1. At pH 2.2 and 3.2, glucose concentration had a minor effect on the formation of GDPs. All conventional PDFs contained high levels of 3,4-DGE and 3-DG. Concentrations were considerably lower in the biocompatible fluids. However, the concentration of 5-HMF was slightly higher in all the biocompatible fluids. Conclusion: The best way to avoid reactive GDPs is to have a pH between 2.0 and 2.6 during sterilization. If pHs outside this range are used, it becomes more important to have There are large variations in GDPs, both within and between biocompatible and conventionally manufactured PDFs. (Less)
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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
PD, glucose, pH, cytotoxicity, 4-DGE, 3, glucose degradation products, fluids, bioreactive
in
Peritoneal Dialysis International
volume
26
issue
4
pages
490 - 497
publisher
Multimed Inc.
external identifiers
  • wos:000239577000014
  • scopus:33748434098
ISSN
1718-4304
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Analytical Chemistry (S/LTH) (011001004)
id
70ff2b37-9e81-4f26-a536-733352375f40 (old id 399022)
alternative location
http://www.pdiconnect.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/4/490
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 15:29:29
date last changed
2022-01-28 05:38:05
@article{70ff2b37-9e81-4f26-a536-733352375f40,
  abstract     = {{Objective: The formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs) during sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) is one of the most important aspects of biocompatibility of glucose-containing PDFs. Producers of PDFs are thus trying to minimize the level of GDPs in their products. 3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) has been identified as the most bioreactive GDP in PDFs. It exists in a temperature-dependent equilibrium with a pool of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and is a precursor in the irreversible formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (5-HMF). The aim of the present study was to investigate how to minimize GDPs in PDFs and how different manufacturers have succeeded in doing so. Design: Glucose solutions at different pHs and concentrations were heat sterilized and 3-DG, 3,4-DGE, 5-HMF, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were analyzed. Conventional as well as biocompatible fluids from different manufacturers were analyzed in parallel for GDP concentrations. Results: The concentrations of 3-DG and 3,4-DGE produced during heat sterilization decreased when pH was reduced to about 2. Concentration of 5-HMF decreased when pH was reduced to 2.6. After further decrease to a pH of 2.0, concentration of 5-HMF increased slightly, and below a pH of 2.0 it increased considerably, together with formaldehyde; 3-DG continued to drop and 3,4-DGE remained constant. Inhibition of cell growth was paralleled by 3,4-DGE concentration at pH 2.0-6.0. A high glucose concentration lowered concentrations of 3,4-DGE and 3-DG at pH 5.5 and of 5-HMF at pH 1. At pH 2.2 and 3.2, glucose concentration had a minor effect on the formation of GDPs. All conventional PDFs contained high levels of 3,4-DGE and 3-DG. Concentrations were considerably lower in the biocompatible fluids. However, the concentration of 5-HMF was slightly higher in all the biocompatible fluids. Conclusion: The best way to avoid reactive GDPs is to have a pH between 2.0 and 2.6 during sterilization. If pHs outside this range are used, it becomes more important to have There are large variations in GDPs, both within and between biocompatible and conventionally manufactured PDFs.}},
  author       = {{Erixon, Martin and Wieslander, Anders and Linden, Torbjorn and Carlsson, Ola and Forsback, Gunita and Svensson, Eva and Jönsson, Jan Åke and Kjellstrand, Per}},
  issn         = {{1718-4304}},
  keywords     = {{PD; glucose; pH; cytotoxicity; 4-DGE; 3; glucose degradation products; fluids; bioreactive}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{490--497}},
  publisher    = {{Multimed Inc.}},
  series       = {{Peritoneal Dialysis International}},
  title        = {{How to avoid glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids}},
  url          = {{http://www.pdiconnect.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/4/490}},
  volume       = {{26}},
  year         = {{2006}},
}