Analysis of combustion gases from large-scale electric vehicle fire tests
(2023) In Fire Safety Journal 139.- Abstract
Fires involving electric vehicles have attracted considerable attention in the media. In particular, the toxic gases released upon combustion of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries has been a major concern. In this study, the results of six large-scale vehicle fire tests are presented including three electric vehicles, two internal combustion engine vehicles, and one electric vehicle with the battery pack removed. Additionally, separate battery component tests were performed. In two of the vehicle fire tests a sprinkler system was used to assess the effect of water application on the combustion gases. Furthermore, calculations of the heat release rate, peak heat release rate and total heat release were performed, as well as... (More)
Fires involving electric vehicles have attracted considerable attention in the media. In particular, the toxic gases released upon combustion of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries has been a major concern. In this study, the results of six large-scale vehicle fire tests are presented including three electric vehicles, two internal combustion engine vehicles, and one electric vehicle with the battery pack removed. Additionally, separate battery component tests were performed. In two of the vehicle fire tests a sprinkler system was used to assess the effect of water application on the combustion gases. Furthermore, calculations of the heat release rate, peak heat release rate and total heat release were performed, as well as chemical analysis of gas and soot. Peak heat release rate and total heat release were affected by the fire scenario and vehicle model, but not significantly by the type of powertrain. Regarding the combustion gases, hydrogen fluoride represented the largest difference between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. Additionally, battery specific metals such as manganese, nickel, cobalt and lithium were found in higher concentrations in the electric vehicle tests than in the internal combustion vehicle tests, in which larger quantities of lead were found.
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- author
- Hynynen, Jonna ; Willstrand, Ola ; Blomqvist, Per LU and Andersson, Petra LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Combustion gas, Electric vehicle, Heat release rate, Large-scale fire test, Lithium-ion battery
- in
- Fire Safety Journal
- volume
- 139
- article number
- 103829
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85160430610
- ISSN
- 0379-7112
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103829
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 71eccfc2-b6f4-474a-a0c1-f27efed50786
- date added to LUP
- 2023-08-15 12:47:06
- date last changed
- 2023-08-15 12:47:06
@article{71eccfc2-b6f4-474a-a0c1-f27efed50786,
abstract = {{<p>Fires involving electric vehicles have attracted considerable attention in the media. In particular, the toxic gases released upon combustion of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries has been a major concern. In this study, the results of six large-scale vehicle fire tests are presented including three electric vehicles, two internal combustion engine vehicles, and one electric vehicle with the battery pack removed. Additionally, separate battery component tests were performed. In two of the vehicle fire tests a sprinkler system was used to assess the effect of water application on the combustion gases. Furthermore, calculations of the heat release rate, peak heat release rate and total heat release were performed, as well as chemical analysis of gas and soot. Peak heat release rate and total heat release were affected by the fire scenario and vehicle model, but not significantly by the type of powertrain. Regarding the combustion gases, hydrogen fluoride represented the largest difference between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. Additionally, battery specific metals such as manganese, nickel, cobalt and lithium were found in higher concentrations in the electric vehicle tests than in the internal combustion vehicle tests, in which larger quantities of lead were found.</p>}},
author = {{Hynynen, Jonna and Willstrand, Ola and Blomqvist, Per and Andersson, Petra}},
issn = {{0379-7112}},
keywords = {{Combustion gas; Electric vehicle; Heat release rate; Large-scale fire test; Lithium-ion battery}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{Fire Safety Journal}},
title = {{Analysis of combustion gases from large-scale electric vehicle fire tests}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103829}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103829}},
volume = {{139}},
year = {{2023}},
}