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Pandemrix® vaccination is not associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study children

Elding Larsson, Helena LU ; Lynch, Kristian F. LU ; Lönnrot, Maria ; Haller, Michael J ; Lernmark, Åke LU orcid ; Hagopian, William A. ; She, Jin-Xiong ; Simell, Olli ; Toppari, Jorma and Ziegler, Anette-G. , et al. (2018) In Diabetologia 61(1). p.193-202
Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: During the A/H1N1 2009 (A/California/04/2009) pandemic, mass vaccination with a squalene-containing vaccine, Pandemrix®, was performed in Sweden and Finland. The vaccination was found to cause narcolepsy in children and young adults with the HLA-DQ 6.2 haplotype. The aim of this study was to investigate if exposure to Pandemrix® similarly increased the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Methods: In The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, children are followed prospectively for the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. In October 2009, when the mass vaccination began, 3401 children at risk for islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes were followed in Sweden and... (More)

Aims/hypothesis: During the A/H1N1 2009 (A/California/04/2009) pandemic, mass vaccination with a squalene-containing vaccine, Pandemrix®, was performed in Sweden and Finland. The vaccination was found to cause narcolepsy in children and young adults with the HLA-DQ 6.2 haplotype. The aim of this study was to investigate if exposure to Pandemrix® similarly increased the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Methods: In The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, children are followed prospectively for the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. In October 2009, when the mass vaccination began, 3401 children at risk for islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes were followed in Sweden and Finland. Vaccinations were recorded and autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65 and insulinoma-associated protein 2 were ascertained quarterly before the age of 4 years and semi-annually thereafter. Results: By 5 August 2010, 2413 of the 3401 (71%) children observed as at risk for an islet autoantibody or type 1 diabetes on 1 October 2009 had been vaccinated with Pandemrix®. By 31 July 2016, 232 children had at least one islet autoantibody before 10 years of age, 148 had multiple islet autoantibodies and 96 had developed type 1 diabetes. The risk of islet autoimmunity was not increased among vaccinated children. The HR (95% CI) for the appearance of at least one islet autoantibody was 0.75 (0.55, 1.03), at least two autoantibodies was 0.85 (0.57, 1.26) and type 1 diabetes was 0.67 (0.42, 1.07). In Finland, but not in Sweden, vaccinated children had a lower risk of islet autoimmunity (0.47 [0.29, 0.75]), multiple autoantibodies (0.50 [0.28, 0.90]) and type 1 diabetes (0.38 [0.20, 0.72]) compared with those who did not receive Pandemrix®. The analyses were adjusted for confounding factors. Conclusions/interpretation: Children with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes who received the Pandemrix® vaccine during the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic had no increased risk of islet autoimmunity, multiple islet autoantibodies or type 1 diabetes. In Finland, the vaccine was associated with a reduced risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.

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organization
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type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Influenza vaccine, Islet autoimmunity, Pandemrix, Squalene, Swine flu, Type 1 diabetes, Vaccination
in
Diabetologia
volume
61
issue
1
pages
193 - 202
publisher
Springer
external identifiers
  • scopus:85030657714
  • pmid:28990147
  • wos:000417272300022
ISSN
0012-186X
DOI
10.1007/s00125-017-4448-3
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
75c34613-cddc-4bbe-8dd1-8e96a1325f32
date added to LUP
2017-11-02 11:18:13
date last changed
2024-06-24 03:16:05
@article{75c34613-cddc-4bbe-8dd1-8e96a1325f32,
  abstract     = {{<p>Aims/hypothesis: During the A/H1N1 2009 (A/California/04/2009) pandemic, mass vaccination with a squalene-containing vaccine, Pandemrix®, was performed in Sweden and Finland. The vaccination was found to cause narcolepsy in children and young adults with the HLA-DQ 6.2 haplotype. The aim of this study was to investigate if exposure to Pandemrix® similarly increased the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Methods: In The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, children are followed prospectively for the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. In October 2009, when the mass vaccination began, 3401 children at risk for islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes were followed in Sweden and Finland. Vaccinations were recorded and autoantibodies against insulin, GAD65 and insulinoma-associated protein 2 were ascertained quarterly before the age of 4 years and semi-annually thereafter. Results: By 5 August 2010, 2413 of the 3401 (71%) children observed as at risk for an islet autoantibody or type 1 diabetes on 1 October 2009 had been vaccinated with Pandemrix®. By 31 July 2016, 232 children had at least one islet autoantibody before 10 years of age, 148 had multiple islet autoantibodies and 96 had developed type 1 diabetes. The risk of islet autoimmunity was not increased among vaccinated children. The HR (95% CI) for the appearance of at least one islet autoantibody was 0.75 (0.55, 1.03), at least two autoantibodies was 0.85 (0.57, 1.26) and type 1 diabetes was 0.67 (0.42, 1.07). In Finland, but not in Sweden, vaccinated children had a lower risk of islet autoimmunity (0.47 [0.29, 0.75]), multiple autoantibodies (0.50 [0.28, 0.90]) and type 1 diabetes (0.38 [0.20, 0.72]) compared with those who did not receive Pandemrix®. The analyses were adjusted for confounding factors. Conclusions/interpretation: Children with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes who received the Pandemrix® vaccine during the A/H1N1 2009 pandemic had no increased risk of islet autoimmunity, multiple islet autoantibodies or type 1 diabetes. In Finland, the vaccine was associated with a reduced risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.</p>}},
  author       = {{Elding Larsson, Helena and Lynch, Kristian F. and Lönnrot, Maria and Haller, Michael J and Lernmark, Åke and Hagopian, William A. and She, Jin-Xiong and Simell, Olli and Toppari, Jorma and Ziegler, Anette-G. and Akolkar, Beena and Krischer, Jeffrey P. and Rewers, Marian J. and Hyöty, Heikki}},
  issn         = {{0012-186X}},
  keywords     = {{Influenza vaccine; Islet autoimmunity; Pandemrix; Squalene; Swine flu; Type 1 diabetes; Vaccination}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{193--202}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  series       = {{Diabetologia}},
  title        = {{Pandemrix® vaccination is not associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study children}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4448-3}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00125-017-4448-3}},
  volume       = {{61}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}