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PM2.5 and Dementia in a Low Exposure Setting : The Influence of Odor Identification Ability and APOE

Andersson, John ; Sundström, Anna ; Nordin, Maria ; Segersson, David ; Forsberg, Bertil ; Adolfsson, Rolf and Oudin, Anna LU (2023) In Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 92(2). p.679-689
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence show that long term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between PM2.5 exposure and dementia in a low exposure area, and to investigate the role of olfaction and the APOE ɛ4 allele in these associations. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Betula project, a longitudinal study on aging, memory, and dementia in Sweden. Odor identification ability was assessed using the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT). Annual mean PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from a dispersion-model and matched at the participants' residential address. Proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios. RESULTS: Of 1,846... (More)

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence show that long term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between PM2.5 exposure and dementia in a low exposure area, and to investigate the role of olfaction and the APOE ɛ4 allele in these associations. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Betula project, a longitudinal study on aging, memory, and dementia in Sweden. Odor identification ability was assessed using the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT). Annual mean PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from a dispersion-model and matched at the participants' residential address. Proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios. RESULTS: Of 1,846 participants, 348 developed dementia during the 21-year follow-up period. The average annual mean PM2.5 exposure at baseline was 6.77μg/m3, which is 1.77μg/m3 above the WHO definition of clean air. In a fully adjusted model (adjusted for age, sex, APOE, SOIT, cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, and education) each 1μg/m3 difference in annual mean PM2.5-concentration was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.23 for dementia (95% CI: 1.01-1.50). Analyses stratified by APOE status (ɛ4 carriers versus non-carriers), and odor identification ability (high versus low), showed associations only for ɛ4 carriers, and for low performance on odor identification ability. CONCLUSION: PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of dementia in this low pollution setting. The associations between PM2.5 and dementia seemed stronger in APOE carriers and those with below average odor identification ability.

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Alzheimer’s disease, Apolipoprotein E, olfaction, particulate matter, vascular dementia
in
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
volume
92
issue
2
pages
11 pages
publisher
IOS Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:36776047
  • scopus:85151044242
ISSN
1387-2877
DOI
10.3233/JAD-220469
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
7ab77274-5dd6-47bc-8964-4e54119fe444
date added to LUP
2023-05-24 14:08:11
date last changed
2024-06-29 04:32:44
@article{7ab77274-5dd6-47bc-8964-4e54119fe444,
  abstract     = {{<p>BACKGROUND: Growing evidence show that long term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between PM2.5 exposure and dementia in a low exposure area, and to investigate the role of olfaction and the APOE ɛ4 allele in these associations. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Betula project, a longitudinal study on aging, memory, and dementia in Sweden. Odor identification ability was assessed using the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT). Annual mean PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from a dispersion-model and matched at the participants' residential address. Proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios. RESULTS: Of 1,846 participants, 348 developed dementia during the 21-year follow-up period. The average annual mean PM2.5 exposure at baseline was 6.77μg/m3, which is 1.77μg/m3 above the WHO definition of clean air. In a fully adjusted model (adjusted for age, sex, APOE, SOIT, cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, and education) each 1μg/m3 difference in annual mean PM2.5-concentration was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.23 for dementia (95% CI: 1.01-1.50). Analyses stratified by APOE status (ɛ4 carriers versus non-carriers), and odor identification ability (high versus low), showed associations only for ɛ4 carriers, and for low performance on odor identification ability. CONCLUSION: PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of dementia in this low pollution setting. The associations between PM2.5 and dementia seemed stronger in APOE carriers and those with below average odor identification ability.</p>}},
  author       = {{Andersson, John and Sundström, Anna and Nordin, Maria and Segersson, David and Forsberg, Bertil and Adolfsson, Rolf and Oudin, Anna}},
  issn         = {{1387-2877}},
  keywords     = {{Alzheimer’s disease; Apolipoprotein E; olfaction; particulate matter; vascular dementia}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{679--689}},
  publisher    = {{IOS Press}},
  series       = {{Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD}},
  title        = {{PM2.5 and Dementia in a Low Exposure Setting : The Influence of Odor Identification Ability and APOE}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-220469}},
  doi          = {{10.3233/JAD-220469}},
  volume       = {{92}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}