Layer-by-layer deposition of open-pore mesoporous TiO 2- Nafion® film electrodes
Milsom, Elizabeth V. ; Novak, Jan ; Green, Stephen J. ; Zhang, Xiaohang ; Stott, Susan J. ; Mortimer, Roger J. ; Edler, Karen LU
and Marken, Frank
(2007)
In Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
11(8).
p.1109-1117
- Abstract
The formation of variable thickness TiO 2 nanoparticle- Nafion® composite films with open pores is demonstrated via a layer-by-layer deposition process. Films of about 6 nm diameter TiO 2 nanoparticles grow in the presence of Nafion® by "clustering" of nanoparticles into bigger aggregates, and the resulting hierarchical structure thickens with about 25 nm per deposition cycle. Film growth is characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance techniques. Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements for films before and after calcination demonstrate the effect of Nafion® binder causing aggregation. Electrochemical methods are... (More)
The formation of variable thickness TiO 2 nanoparticle- Nafion® composite films with open pores is demonstrated via a layer-by-layer deposition process. Films of about 6 nm diameter TiO 2 nanoparticles grow in the presence of Nafion® by "clustering" of nanoparticles into bigger aggregates, and the resulting hierarchical structure thickens with about 25 nm per deposition cycle. Film growth is characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance techniques. Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements for films before and after calcination demonstrate the effect of Nafion® binder causing aggregation. Electrochemical methods are employed to characterize the electrical conductivity and diffusivity of charge through the TiO 2-Nafion® composite films. Characteristic electrochemical responses are observed for cationic redox systems (diheptylviologen 2+/+, Ru (NH)363+/2+, and ferrocenylmethyl-trimethylammonium 2+/+) immobilized into the TiO 2-Nafion® nanocomposite material. Charge conduction is dependent on the type of redox system and is proposed to occur either via direct conduction through the TiO 2 backbone (at sufficiently negative potentials) or via redox-center-based diffusion/electron hopping (at more positive potentials).
(Less)
- author
- Milsom, Elizabeth V.
; Novak, Jan
; Green, Stephen J.
; Zhang, Xiaohang
; Stott, Susan J.
; Mortimer, Roger J.
; Edler, Karen
LU
and Marken, Frank
- publishing date
- 2007-08
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- keywords
- Electrode, Electron hopping, Mesoporous film, Nafion®, Photoelectrochemistry, Sensor, TiO, Voltammetry
- in
- Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry
- volume
- 11
- issue
- 8
- pages
- 9 pages
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:34248349149
- ISSN
- 1432-8488
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10008-006-0247-3
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- id
- 7af960d6-dbf8-47f7-931c-7b1618a93318
- date added to LUP
- 2023-05-04 17:49:00
- date last changed
- 2023-06-13 08:38:48
@article{7af960d6-dbf8-47f7-931c-7b1618a93318,
abstract = {{<p>The formation of variable thickness TiO <sub>2</sub> nanoparticle- Nafion® composite films with open pores is demonstrated via a layer-by-layer deposition process. Films of about 6 nm diameter TiO <sub>2</sub> nanoparticles grow in the presence of Nafion® by "clustering" of nanoparticles into bigger aggregates, and the resulting hierarchical structure thickens with about 25 nm per deposition cycle. Film growth is characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance techniques. Simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements for films before and after calcination demonstrate the effect of Nafion® binder causing aggregation. Electrochemical methods are employed to characterize the electrical conductivity and diffusivity of charge through the TiO <sub>2</sub>-Nafion® composite films. Characteristic electrochemical responses are observed for cationic redox systems (diheptylviologen <sup>2+/+</sup>, Ru (NH)363+/2+, and ferrocenylmethyl-trimethylammonium <sup>2+/+</sup>) immobilized into the TiO <sub>2</sub>-Nafion® nanocomposite material. Charge conduction is dependent on the type of redox system and is proposed to occur either via direct conduction through the TiO <sub>2</sub> backbone (at sufficiently negative potentials) or via redox-center-based diffusion/electron hopping (at more positive potentials).</p>}},
author = {{Milsom, Elizabeth V. and Novak, Jan and Green, Stephen J. and Zhang, Xiaohang and Stott, Susan J. and Mortimer, Roger J. and Edler, Karen and Marken, Frank}},
issn = {{1432-8488}},
keywords = {{Electrode; Electron hopping; Mesoporous film; Nafion®; Photoelectrochemistry; Sensor; TiO; Voltammetry}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{8}},
pages = {{1109--1117}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry}},
title = {{Layer-by-layer deposition of open-pore mesoporous TiO <sub>2</sub>- Nafion® film electrodes}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-006-0247-3}},
doi = {{10.1007/s10008-006-0247-3}},
volume = {{11}},
year = {{2007}},
}