Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol
(2020) In Contact Dermatitis 82(1). p.31-38- Abstract
Background: Citral is commonly used as a fragrance and flavor material and consists of the aldehydes geranial and neral. Citral is included in fragrance mix (FM) II. Geranial and neral have also been identified in autoxidation of geraniol, a fragrance compound present in FM I.
Objectives: To study contact allergy to citral, geranial, and neral, and concomitant reactivity to oxidized geraniol and fragrance markers of the baseline series.
Methods: A total of 1476 dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested using geranial, neral, and citral, all 3.5% petrolatum (pet.) as well as geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. in addition to the Swedish baseline series.
Results:... (More)
Background: Citral is commonly used as a fragrance and flavor material and consists of the aldehydes geranial and neral. Citral is included in fragrance mix (FM) II. Geranial and neral have also been identified in autoxidation of geraniol, a fragrance compound present in FM I.
Objectives: To study contact allergy to citral, geranial, and neral, and concomitant reactivity to oxidized geraniol and fragrance markers of the baseline series.
Methods: A total of 1476 dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested using geranial, neral, and citral, all 3.5% petrolatum (pet.) as well as geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. in addition to the Swedish baseline series.
Results: Frequencies of positive reactions to citral, geranial, and neral were 2.9%, 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Together, citral and geranial gave 4.2% positive patch test reactions in consecutive dermatitis patients. In patients with positive reactions to citral or its components, 25% to 34% reacted to FM II and 61% reacted to oxidized geraniol.
Conclusions: Patch testing with citral, its components, or oxidized geraniol detects contact allergic reactions not detected using the baseline series. Patch testing with pure geraniol was shown to be of little value. Geranial and neral, although closely chemically related, are concluded to be separate haptens.
(Less)
- author
- Hagvall, Lina ; Bruze, Magnus LU ; Engfeldt, Malin LU ; Isaksson, Marléne LU ; Lindberg, Magnus ; Ryberg, Kristina LU ; Stenberg, Berndt ; Svedman, Cecilia LU ; Karlberg, Ann Therese and Bråred-Christensson, Johanna
- organization
- publishing date
- 2020
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- allergic contact dermatitis, autoxidation, citral, fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II, geranial, geraniol, neral, oxidized geraniol, patch testing, RRID:SCR_001905
- in
- Contact Dermatitis
- volume
- 82
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 31 - 38
- publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:31566752
- scopus:85074788097
- ISSN
- 0105-1873
- DOI
- 10.1111/cod.13404
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 7bae4073-d985-4755-8fd3-d3f72a1e5657
- date added to LUP
- 2019-12-06 16:44:49
- date last changed
- 2025-04-04 14:40:27
@article{7bae4073-d985-4755-8fd3-d3f72a1e5657,
abstract = {{<p>Background: Citral is commonly used as a fragrance and flavor material and consists of the aldehydes geranial and neral. Citral is included in fragrance mix (FM) II. Geranial and neral have also been identified in autoxidation of geraniol, a fragrance compound present in FM I. </p><p>Objectives: To study contact allergy to citral, geranial, and neral, and concomitant reactivity to oxidized geraniol and fragrance markers of the baseline series. </p><p>Methods: A total of 1476 dermatitis patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested using geranial, neral, and citral, all 3.5% petrolatum (pet.) as well as geraniol 6.0% and oxidized geraniol 11% pet. in addition to the Swedish baseline series. </p><p>Results: Frequencies of positive reactions to citral, geranial, and neral were 2.9%, 3.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Together, citral and geranial gave 4.2% positive patch test reactions in consecutive dermatitis patients. In patients with positive reactions to citral or its components, 25% to 34% reacted to FM II and 61% reacted to oxidized geraniol. </p><p>Conclusions: Patch testing with citral, its components, or oxidized geraniol detects contact allergic reactions not detected using the baseline series. Patch testing with pure geraniol was shown to be of little value. Geranial and neral, although closely chemically related, are concluded to be separate haptens.</p>}},
author = {{Hagvall, Lina and Bruze, Magnus and Engfeldt, Malin and Isaksson, Marléne and Lindberg, Magnus and Ryberg, Kristina and Stenberg, Berndt and Svedman, Cecilia and Karlberg, Ann Therese and Bråred-Christensson, Johanna}},
issn = {{0105-1873}},
keywords = {{allergic contact dermatitis; autoxidation; citral; fragrance mix I; fragrance mix II; geranial; geraniol; neral; oxidized geraniol; patch testing; RRID:SCR_001905}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{1}},
pages = {{31--38}},
publisher = {{Wiley-Blackwell}},
series = {{Contact Dermatitis}},
title = {{Contact allergy to citral and its constituents geranial and neral, coupled with reactions to the prehapten and prohapten geraniol}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.13404}},
doi = {{10.1111/cod.13404}},
volume = {{82}},
year = {{2020}},
}