Nature of relaxation processes revealed by the action signals of intensity-modulated light fields
(2016) In Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics) 94(5).- Abstract
We present a generalized theory and experimental results of the action signals induced by the absorption of two photons from two phase-modulated laser beams. In our experiment, the phases of the laser beams are modulated at the frequencies φ1 and φ2, respectively. Their collinear combination leads to the modulation of the total intensity at the frequency φ=φ2-φ1. The action signals, such as photoluminescence and photocurrent, which result from the absorption of two photons, are isolated at frequencies mφ, m{0,1,2,»}. We demonstrate that the ratio of the amplitudes of the secondary (m=2) and the primary (m=1) signals A2φ:Aφ is sensitive to the type of relaxation processes in the media. Such sensitivity originates from the cumulative... (More)
We present a generalized theory and experimental results of the action signals induced by the absorption of two photons from two phase-modulated laser beams. In our experiment, the phases of the laser beams are modulated at the frequencies φ1 and φ2, respectively. Their collinear combination leads to the modulation of the total intensity at the frequency φ=φ2-φ1. The action signals, such as photoluminescence and photocurrent, which result from the absorption of two photons, are isolated at frequencies mφ, m{0,1,2,»}. We demonstrate that the ratio of the amplitudes of the secondary (m=2) and the primary (m=1) signals A2φ:Aφ is sensitive to the type of relaxation processes in the media. Such sensitivity originates from the cumulative effects of the nonequilibrated state of the matter between the pulses. When the cumulative effects are small, i.e., the relaxation time is much shorter than the laser repetition rate or the laser intensity is high enough to dominate the system behavior, the ratio achieves the reference value of 1:4. This ratio decreases monotonically as the relaxation time increases. Our experimental results from fluorescent molecules rhodamine 6G and rubrene support these theoretical findings. In the case of a second-order relaxation process, the ratio changes rapidly with the excitation intensity. When the recombination rate in the second-order process is significantly slower than the repetition rate of the laser, we observe nonmonotonic behavior of the ratio as a function of excitation population at low excitation intensity, and when the recombination rate and the excitation intensity are high, the ratio approaches the value of 1:4. We also use the model to determine the value of the recombination rate of charge carriers in a GaP photodiode.
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- author
- Osipov, Vladimir Al LU ; Shang, Xiuyin ; Hansen, Thorsten LU ; Pullerits, Tõnu LU and Karki, Khadga Jung LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2016
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics)
- volume
- 94
- issue
- 5
- article number
- 053845
- publisher
- American Physical Society
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000388463500011
- scopus:84996560104
- ISSN
- 1050-2947
- DOI
- 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053845
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 7c39994b-57f7-41d0-8b75-69f153f502a7
- date added to LUP
- 2017-02-24 08:26:25
- date last changed
- 2024-04-14 05:48:18
@article{7c39994b-57f7-41d0-8b75-69f153f502a7,
abstract = {{<p>We present a generalized theory and experimental results of the action signals induced by the absorption of two photons from two phase-modulated laser beams. In our experiment, the phases of the laser beams are modulated at the frequencies φ1 and φ2, respectively. Their collinear combination leads to the modulation of the total intensity at the frequency φ=φ2-φ1. The action signals, such as photoluminescence and photocurrent, which result from the absorption of two photons, are isolated at frequencies mφ, m{0,1,2,»}. We demonstrate that the ratio of the amplitudes of the secondary (m=2) and the primary (m=1) signals A2φ:Aφ is sensitive to the type of relaxation processes in the media. Such sensitivity originates from the cumulative effects of the nonequilibrated state of the matter between the pulses. When the cumulative effects are small, i.e., the relaxation time is much shorter than the laser repetition rate or the laser intensity is high enough to dominate the system behavior, the ratio achieves the reference value of 1:4. This ratio decreases monotonically as the relaxation time increases. Our experimental results from fluorescent molecules rhodamine 6G and rubrene support these theoretical findings. In the case of a second-order relaxation process, the ratio changes rapidly with the excitation intensity. When the recombination rate in the second-order process is significantly slower than the repetition rate of the laser, we observe nonmonotonic behavior of the ratio as a function of excitation population at low excitation intensity, and when the recombination rate and the excitation intensity are high, the ratio approaches the value of 1:4. We also use the model to determine the value of the recombination rate of charge carriers in a GaP photodiode.</p>}},
author = {{Osipov, Vladimir Al and Shang, Xiuyin and Hansen, Thorsten and Pullerits, Tõnu and Karki, Khadga Jung}},
issn = {{1050-2947}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{5}},
publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
series = {{Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics)}},
title = {{Nature of relaxation processes revealed by the action signals of intensity-modulated light fields}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053845}},
doi = {{10.1103/PhysRevA.94.053845}},
volume = {{94}},
year = {{2016}},
}