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Between Law and Safety : Licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and the Socio-professional Construction of Legality in European Civil Aviation

Woodlock, John LU (2023) In Lund University
Abstract
The survey and interview-based mixed methods research presented in this compilation dissertation explores how licensed aircraft maintenance engineers in Sweden, Norway and Portugal experience working under the vertical chain of hard and soft law that makes up the European Union regulation of this sector. By focusing on occurrence reporting and the certification and release of aircraft into service, as two regulated phenomena directly shaping the everyday working lives of these maintenance engineers, the research ultimately found that a sectorial legal consciousness emerged that is characterised by normative pluralism and a shared professional cultural allegiance to a norm of putting safety first. From a bottom-up perspective, this... (More)
The survey and interview-based mixed methods research presented in this compilation dissertation explores how licensed aircraft maintenance engineers in Sweden, Norway and Portugal experience working under the vertical chain of hard and soft law that makes up the European Union regulation of this sector. By focusing on occurrence reporting and the certification and release of aircraft into service, as two regulated phenomena directly shaping the everyday working lives of these maintenance engineers, the research ultimately found that a sectorial legal consciousness emerged that is characterised by normative pluralism and a shared professional cultural allegiance to a norm of putting safety first. From a bottom-up perspective, this normative commitment to upholding “safety- first” was found to both compliment and conflict with top-down “law-first” understandings of compliance and non-compliance. Building on Ewick and Silbey’s critical and empirical approach to legal consciousness research, modulated derogation is a devised concept in this thesis that explains the prevalence of deviance in everyday work situations as a resistance against overly complex rules, and captures how these professionals displace law-first meanings of compliance by amending a compliance/non-compliance binary code to that of a safe/unsafe code which puts safety first. Key findings from the survey-based research show that differences emerged concerning how aircraft maintenance engineers in the three studied countries experience legal accountability when reporting occurrences and/or certifying the release of aircraft. It was also found that just culture, explored as a procedural justice-infused legal intervention, commonly enhances legitimacy among the LAMEs for the rules and authorities, and legal anxiety not found to significantly affect that relationship. Against the backdrop of a gap between hard law requirements and the soft law application of same in aircraft maintenance organisations, the uniformity and adequacy of European Union regulations for releasing aircraft into service was found to depend on where the hard law lands, by whom the soft is applied, and the extent to which competent authorities enforce both. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Den undersökning och intervjubaserade mixed metods-forskningen som presenteras i denna sammanläggningsavhandling utforskar hur flygtekniker i Sverige, Norge och Portugal upplever att arbeta under den vertikala kedjan av hård och mjuk lagstiftning som utgör Europeiska Unionens reglering av denna sektor. Genom att fokusera på händelserapportering och certifiering av att flygplan kan tas i drift, som två reglerade fenomen som direkt påverkar dessa flygteknikers dagliga arbetsliv, fann forskningen att en sektoriell rättsmedvetenhet uppstod, vilken karakteriseras av normativ pluralism och en professionell kulturell lojalitet gentemot en norm som sätter säkerheten främst. Ur ett bottom-up perspektiv visade det sig att detta normativa åtagande... (More)
Den undersökning och intervjubaserade mixed metods-forskningen som presenteras i denna sammanläggningsavhandling utforskar hur flygtekniker i Sverige, Norge och Portugal upplever att arbeta under den vertikala kedjan av hård och mjuk lagstiftning som utgör Europeiska Unionens reglering av denna sektor. Genom att fokusera på händelserapportering och certifiering av att flygplan kan tas i drift, som två reglerade fenomen som direkt påverkar dessa flygteknikers dagliga arbetsliv, fann forskningen att en sektoriell rättsmedvetenhet uppstod, vilken karakteriseras av normativ pluralism och en professionell kulturell lojalitet gentemot en norm som sätter säkerheten främst. Ur ett bottom-up perspektiv visade det sig att detta normativa åtagande att upprätthålla "säkerheten först" både kompletterar och kolliderar med toppstyrd förståelse av regelefterlevnad. Med utgångspunkt i Ewick och Silbeys kritiska och empiriska förhållningssätt för forskning om rättsmedvetande, är ”modulated derogation” ett begrepp utvecklats i denna avhandling och som förklarar förekomsten av avvikelse i vardagliga arbetssituationer som ett motstånd till alltför komplexa regler, och fångar hur dessa yrkespersoner ersätter lagstiftningens betydelser av regelefterlevnad genom att ändra en binär kod av regelefterlevnad /icke-regelefterlevnad till en kod av säker/osäker, där säkerheten (flygsäkerheten) sätts främst. Huvudresultaten från forskningen visar att det uppstår skillnader när det gäller hur flygtekniker i de tre undersökta länderna upplever rättsligt ansvarsutkrävande när de rapporterar händelser och/eller certifierar flygplan efter utfört underhåll. Den visade också att en rättvisekultur (”just culture”), förstådd som ett processrättvist informerat rättsligt ingripande stärker legitimiteten för regler och myndigheter bland flygteknikerna, och att rättslig oro inte i signifikant grad påverkar den relationen. Mot bakgrund av en klyfta mellan kraven i hård lagstiftning och tillämpningen av mjuk lagstiftning inom flygplansunderhållsorganisationer, visade det sig att enhetligheten och funktionsdugligheten/lämpligheten i EUs regler för certifiering av flygplan efter utfärdat underhåll beror på var den hårda lagen landar, av vem den mjuka lagstiftningen tillämpas, och i vilken utsträckning behöriga myndigheter tillämpar och upprätthåller båda. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Silbey, Susan S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology
organization
alternative title
Mellan Rätten och Flygsäkerheten : Certifierade flygtekniker och den socio-professionella konstruktionen av legalitet inom Europeisk civil luftfart
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
sectorial legal consciousness, aircraft maintenance, just culture, soft law, procedural justice, modulated derogation, legitimacy, compliance, comparative socio-legal research, occurrence reporting, safety management, safety first
in
Lund University
issue
57
pages
151 pages
publisher
Lund University (Media-Tryck)
defense location
Auditorium (Room 104) Pufendorfinstitutet, Biskopsgatan 3, Lund
defense date
2023-08-28 14:00:00
ISSN
1403-7246
ISBN
978-91-8039-768-1
978-91-8039-767-4
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
805cacc0-d3d1-47e5-bf7b-da706c336822
date added to LUP
2023-07-14 13:58:58
date last changed
2023-07-20 09:27:00
@phdthesis{805cacc0-d3d1-47e5-bf7b-da706c336822,
  abstract     = {{The survey and interview-based mixed methods research presented in this compilation dissertation explores how licensed aircraft maintenance engineers in Sweden, Norway and Portugal experience working under the vertical chain of hard and soft law that makes up the European Union regulation of this sector. By focusing on occurrence reporting and the certification and release of aircraft into service, as two regulated phenomena directly shaping the everyday working lives of these maintenance engineers, the research ultimately found that a sectorial legal consciousness emerged that is characterised by normative pluralism and a shared professional cultural allegiance to a norm of putting safety first. From a bottom-up perspective, this normative commitment to upholding “safety- first” was found to both compliment and conflict with top-down “law-first” understandings of compliance and non-compliance. Building on Ewick and Silbey’s critical and empirical approach to legal consciousness research, modulated derogation is a devised concept in this thesis that explains the prevalence of deviance in everyday work situations as a resistance against overly complex rules, and captures how these professionals displace law-first meanings of compliance by amending a compliance/non-compliance binary code to that of a safe/unsafe code which puts safety first. Key findings from the survey-based research show that differences emerged concerning how aircraft maintenance engineers in the three studied countries experience legal accountability when reporting occurrences and/or certifying the release of aircraft. It was also found that just culture, explored as a procedural justice-infused legal intervention, commonly enhances legitimacy among the LAMEs for the rules and authorities, and legal anxiety not found to significantly affect that relationship. Against the backdrop of a gap between hard law requirements and the soft law application of same in aircraft maintenance organisations, the uniformity and adequacy of European Union regulations for releasing aircraft into service was found to depend on where the hard law lands, by whom the soft is applied, and the extent to which competent authorities enforce both.}},
  author       = {{Woodlock, John}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-8039-768-1}},
  issn         = {{1403-7246}},
  keywords     = {{sectorial legal consciousness; aircraft maintenance; just culture; soft law; procedural justice; modulated derogation; legitimacy; compliance; comparative socio-legal research; occurrence reporting; safety management; safety first}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{57}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University (Media-Tryck)}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Between Law and Safety : Licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and the Socio-professional Construction of Legality in European Civil Aviation}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/152618903/Between_Law_and_Safety_Woodlock.pdf}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}