Cardiovascular Benefit of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Adults with Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Excessive Sleepiness
(2022) In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 206(6). p.767-774- Abstract
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not demonstrated protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, observational studies revealed that OSA-related cardiovascular risk is concentrated in patients with an elevated pulse rate response to respiratory events (ΔHR). Objectives: Here, in this post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical trial, we test the hypothesis that a greater pretreatment ΔHR is associated with greater CPAP-related protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: ΔHR was measured from baseline polysomnography of the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and OSA) randomized... (More)
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not demonstrated protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, observational studies revealed that OSA-related cardiovascular risk is concentrated in patients with an elevated pulse rate response to respiratory events (ΔHR). Objectives: Here, in this post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical trial, we test the hypothesis that a greater pretreatment ΔHR is associated with greater CPAP-related protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: ΔHR was measured from baseline polysomnography of the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and OSA) randomized controlled trial (patients with coronary artery disease [CAD] and OSA [apnea-hypopnea index ⩾ 15 events/h] with Epworth Sleepiness Scale score < 10; nCPAP:ncontrol = 113:113; male, 85%; age, 66 ± 8 [mean ± SD] yr). The primary outcome was a composite of repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox regression assessed whether the effect of CPAP was moderated by ΔHR (treatment-by-ΔHR interaction). Measurements and Main Results: The CPAP-related reduction in risk increased progressively with increasing pretreatment ΔHR (interaction hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.49 [0.27 to 0.90] per SD increase in ΔHR; P < 0.05). This means that in patients with a ΔHR of 1 SD above the mean (i.e., 10 beats/min), CPAP was estimated to reduce cardiovascular risk by 59% (6% to 82%) (P < 0.05), but no significant risk reduction was estimated in patients with a mean ΔHR (6 beats/min; CPAP risk reduction, 16% [-53% to 54%]; P = 0.6). Conclusions: The protective effect of CPAP in patients with CAD and OSA without excessive sleepiness was modified by the ΔHR. Specifically, patients with higher ΔHR exhibit greater cardiovascular benefit from CPAP therapy.
(Less)
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2022-09-15
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- cardiovascular, clinical trial, heart rate response, sleep apnea, sleepiness
- in
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- volume
- 206
- issue
- 6
- pages
- 8 pages
- publisher
- American Thoracic Society
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85137368546
- pmid:35579605
- ISSN
- 1535-4970
- DOI
- 10.1164/rccm.202111-2608OC
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 81f49f66-58e8-40f6-abe4-411b9d24def8
- date added to LUP
- 2022-12-29 14:56:32
- date last changed
- 2025-01-25 23:50:16
@article{81f49f66-58e8-40f6-abe4-411b9d24def8, abstract = {{<p>Rationale: Randomized controlled trials of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not demonstrated protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, observational studies revealed that OSA-related cardiovascular risk is concentrated in patients with an elevated pulse rate response to respiratory events (ΔHR). Objectives: Here, in this post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical trial, we test the hypothesis that a greater pretreatment ΔHR is associated with greater CPAP-related protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: ΔHR was measured from baseline polysomnography of the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and OSA) randomized controlled trial (patients with coronary artery disease [CAD] and OSA [apnea-hypopnea index ⩾ 15 events/h] with Epworth Sleepiness Scale score < 10; nCPAP:ncontrol = 113:113; male, 85%; age, 66 ± 8 [mean ± SD] yr). The primary outcome was a composite of repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox regression assessed whether the effect of CPAP was moderated by ΔHR (treatment-by-ΔHR interaction). Measurements and Main Results: The CPAP-related reduction in risk increased progressively with increasing pretreatment ΔHR (interaction hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.49 [0.27 to 0.90] per SD increase in ΔHR; P < 0.05). This means that in patients with a ΔHR of 1 SD above the mean (i.e., 10 beats/min), CPAP was estimated to reduce cardiovascular risk by 59% (6% to 82%) (P < 0.05), but no significant risk reduction was estimated in patients with a mean ΔHR (6 beats/min; CPAP risk reduction, 16% [-53% to 54%]; P = 0.6). Conclusions: The protective effect of CPAP in patients with CAD and OSA without excessive sleepiness was modified by the ΔHR. Specifically, patients with higher ΔHR exhibit greater cardiovascular benefit from CPAP therapy.</p>}}, author = {{Azarbarzin, Ali and Zinchuk, Andrey and Wellman, Andrew and Labarca, Gonzalo and Vena, Daniel and Gell, Laura and Messineo, Ludovico and White, David P. and Gottlieb, Daniel J. and Redline, Susan and Peker, Yüksel and Sands, Scott A.}}, issn = {{1535-4970}}, keywords = {{cardiovascular; clinical trial; heart rate response; sleep apnea; sleepiness}}, language = {{eng}}, month = {{09}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{767--774}}, publisher = {{American Thoracic Society}}, series = {{American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine}}, title = {{Cardiovascular Benefit of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Adults with Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Excessive Sleepiness}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202111-2608OC}}, doi = {{10.1164/rccm.202111-2608OC}}, volume = {{206}}, year = {{2022}}, }