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Cardiovascular Benefit of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Adults with Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Excessive Sleepiness

Azarbarzin, Ali ; Zinchuk, Andrey ; Wellman, Andrew ; Labarca, Gonzalo ; Vena, Daniel ; Gell, Laura ; Messineo, Ludovico ; White, David P. ; Gottlieb, Daniel J. and Redline, Susan , et al. (2022) In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 206(6). p.767-774
Abstract

Rationale: Randomized controlled trials of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not demonstrated protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, observational studies revealed that OSA-related cardiovascular risk is concentrated in patients with an elevated pulse rate response to respiratory events (ΔHR). Objectives: Here, in this post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical trial, we test the hypothesis that a greater pretreatment ΔHR is associated with greater CPAP-related protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: ΔHR was measured from baseline polysomnography of the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and OSA) randomized... (More)

Rationale: Randomized controlled trials of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not demonstrated protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, observational studies revealed that OSA-related cardiovascular risk is concentrated in patients with an elevated pulse rate response to respiratory events (ΔHR). Objectives: Here, in this post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical trial, we test the hypothesis that a greater pretreatment ΔHR is associated with greater CPAP-related protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: ΔHR was measured from baseline polysomnography of the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and OSA) randomized controlled trial (patients with coronary artery disease [CAD] and OSA [apnea-hypopnea index ⩾ 15 events/h] with Epworth Sleepiness Scale score < 10; nCPAP:ncontrol = 113:113; male, 85%; age, 66 ± 8 [mean ± SD] yr). The primary outcome was a composite of repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox regression assessed whether the effect of CPAP was moderated by ΔHR (treatment-by-ΔHR interaction). Measurements and Main Results: The CPAP-related reduction in risk increased progressively with increasing pretreatment ΔHR (interaction hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.49 [0.27 to 0.90] per SD increase in ΔHR; P < 0.05). This means that in patients with a ΔHR of 1 SD above the mean (i.e., 10 beats/min), CPAP was estimated to reduce cardiovascular risk by 59% (6% to 82%) (P < 0.05), but no significant risk reduction was estimated in patients with a mean ΔHR (6 beats/min; CPAP risk reduction, 16% [-53% to 54%]; P = 0.6). Conclusions: The protective effect of CPAP in patients with CAD and OSA without excessive sleepiness was modified by the ΔHR. Specifically, patients with higher ΔHR exhibit greater cardiovascular benefit from CPAP therapy.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
cardiovascular, clinical trial, heart rate response, sleep apnea, sleepiness
in
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
volume
206
issue
6
pages
8 pages
publisher
American Thoracic Society
external identifiers
  • pmid:35579605
  • scopus:85137368546
ISSN
1535-4970
DOI
10.1164/rccm.202111-2608OC
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
81f49f66-58e8-40f6-abe4-411b9d24def8
date added to LUP
2022-12-29 14:56:32
date last changed
2024-03-21 16:58:47
@article{81f49f66-58e8-40f6-abe4-411b9d24def8,
  abstract     = {{<p>Rationale: Randomized controlled trials of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not demonstrated protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, observational studies revealed that OSA-related cardiovascular risk is concentrated in patients with an elevated pulse rate response to respiratory events (ΔHR). Objectives: Here, in this post hoc analysis of a prospective clinical trial, we test the hypothesis that a greater pretreatment ΔHR is associated with greater CPAP-related protection against adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: ΔHR was measured from baseline polysomnography of the RICCADSA (Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and OSA) randomized controlled trial (patients with coronary artery disease [CAD] and OSA [apnea-hypopnea index ⩾ 15 events/h] with Epworth Sleepiness Scale score &lt; 10; nCPAP:ncontrol = 113:113; male, 85%; age, 66 ± 8 [mean ± SD] yr). The primary outcome was a composite of repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox regression assessed whether the effect of CPAP was moderated by ΔHR (treatment-by-ΔHR interaction). Measurements and Main Results: The CPAP-related reduction in risk increased progressively with increasing pretreatment ΔHR (interaction hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.49 [0.27 to 0.90] per SD increase in ΔHR; P &lt; 0.05). This means that in patients with a ΔHR of 1 SD above the mean (i.e., 10 beats/min), CPAP was estimated to reduce cardiovascular risk by 59% (6% to 82%) (P &lt; 0.05), but no significant risk reduction was estimated in patients with a mean ΔHR (6 beats/min; CPAP risk reduction, 16% [-53% to 54%]; P = 0.6). Conclusions: The protective effect of CPAP in patients with CAD and OSA without excessive sleepiness was modified by the ΔHR. Specifically, patients with higher ΔHR exhibit greater cardiovascular benefit from CPAP therapy.</p>}},
  author       = {{Azarbarzin, Ali and Zinchuk, Andrey and Wellman, Andrew and Labarca, Gonzalo and Vena, Daniel and Gell, Laura and Messineo, Ludovico and White, David P. and Gottlieb, Daniel J. and Redline, Susan and Peker, Yüksel and Sands, Scott A.}},
  issn         = {{1535-4970}},
  keywords     = {{cardiovascular; clinical trial; heart rate response; sleep apnea; sleepiness}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{767--774}},
  publisher    = {{American Thoracic Society}},
  series       = {{American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine}},
  title        = {{Cardiovascular Benefit of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Adults with Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Excessive Sleepiness}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202111-2608OC}},
  doi          = {{10.1164/rccm.202111-2608OC}},
  volume       = {{206}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}