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Understanding the origin of white dwarf atmospheric pollution by dynamical simulations based on detected three-planet systems

Maldonado, R. F. ; Villaver, E. ; Mustill, A. J. LU orcid ; Chavez, M. and Bertone, E. (2020) In Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499(2). p.1854-1869
Abstract

Between 25 and 50 per cent of white dwarfs (WD) present atmospheric pollution by metals, mainly by rocky material, which has been detected as gas/dust discs, or in the form of photometric transits in some WDs. Planets might be responsible for scattering minor bodies that can reach stargazing orbits, where the tidal forces of the WD can disrupt them and enhance the chances of debris to fall on to the WD surface. The planet-planet scattering process can be triggered by the stellar mass-loss during the post main-sequence (MS) evolution of planetary systems. In this work, we continue the exploration of the dynamical instabilities that can lead to WD pollution. In a previous work, we explored two-planet systems found around MS stars and here... (More)

Between 25 and 50 per cent of white dwarfs (WD) present atmospheric pollution by metals, mainly by rocky material, which has been detected as gas/dust discs, or in the form of photometric transits in some WDs. Planets might be responsible for scattering minor bodies that can reach stargazing orbits, where the tidal forces of the WD can disrupt them and enhance the chances of debris to fall on to the WD surface. The planet-planet scattering process can be triggered by the stellar mass-loss during the post main-sequence (MS) evolution of planetary systems. In this work, we continue the exploration of the dynamical instabilities that can lead to WD pollution. In a previous work, we explored two-planet systems found around MS stars and here we extend the study to three-planet system architectures. We evolved 135 detected three-planet systems orbiting MS stars to the WD phase by scaling their orbital architectures in a way that their dynamical properties are preserved using the N-body integrator package mercury. We find that 100 simulations (8.6 per cent) are dynamically active (having planet losses, orbit crossing, and scattering) on the WD phase, where low-mass planets (1-100 M⊕) tend to have instabilities in Gyr time-scales, while high-mass planets (>100 M⊕) decrease the dynamical events more rapidly as the WD ages. Besides, 19 simulations (1.6 $ per cent) were found to have planets crossing the Roche radius of the WD, where 9 of them had planet-star collisions. Our three-planet simulations have a slight increase in percentage of simulations that may contribute to the WD pollution than the previous study involving two-planet systems and have shown that planet-planet scattering is responsible of sending planets close to the WD, where they may collide directly to the WD, become tidally disrupted or circularize their orbits, hence producing pollution on the WD atmosphere.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
circumstellar matter, Kuiper belt: general, planetary systems, planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability, stars: AGB and post-AGB, white dwarfs
in
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
volume
499
issue
2
pages
16 pages
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • scopus:85096825750
ISSN
0035-8711
DOI
10.1093/mnras/staa2946
project
A unified picture of white dwarf planetary systems
IMPACT: Comets, asteroids and the habitability of planets
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
83f86c69-dac5-4967-8f35-5c1ddd2cd3cc
alternative location
https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.10844
date added to LUP
2020-12-10 08:35:20
date last changed
2024-03-05 15:11:24
@article{83f86c69-dac5-4967-8f35-5c1ddd2cd3cc,
  abstract     = {{<p>Between 25 and 50 per cent of white dwarfs (WD) present atmospheric pollution by metals, mainly by rocky material, which has been detected as gas/dust discs, or in the form of photometric transits in some WDs. Planets might be responsible for scattering minor bodies that can reach stargazing orbits, where the tidal forces of the WD can disrupt them and enhance the chances of debris to fall on to the WD surface. The planet-planet scattering process can be triggered by the stellar mass-loss during the post main-sequence (MS) evolution of planetary systems. In this work, we continue the exploration of the dynamical instabilities that can lead to WD pollution. In a previous work, we explored two-planet systems found around MS stars and here we extend the study to three-planet system architectures. We evolved 135 detected three-planet systems orbiting MS stars to the WD phase by scaling their orbital architectures in a way that their dynamical properties are preserved using the N-body integrator package mercury. We find that 100 simulations (8.6 per cent) are dynamically active (having planet losses, orbit crossing, and scattering) on the WD phase, where low-mass planets (1-100 M⊕) tend to have instabilities in Gyr time-scales, while high-mass planets (&gt;100 M⊕) decrease the dynamical events more rapidly as the WD ages. Besides, 19 simulations (1.6 $ per cent) were found to have planets crossing the Roche radius of the WD, where 9 of them had planet-star collisions. Our three-planet simulations have a slight increase in percentage of simulations that may contribute to the WD pollution than the previous study involving two-planet systems and have shown that planet-planet scattering is responsible of sending planets close to the WD, where they may collide directly to the WD, become tidally disrupted or circularize their orbits, hence producing pollution on the WD atmosphere. </p>}},
  author       = {{Maldonado, R. F. and Villaver, E. and Mustill, A. J. and Chavez, M. and Bertone, E.}},
  issn         = {{0035-8711}},
  keywords     = {{circumstellar matter; Kuiper belt: general; planetary systems; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; stars: AGB and post-AGB; white dwarfs}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{1854--1869}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}},
  title        = {{Understanding the origin of white dwarf atmospheric pollution by dynamical simulations based on detected three-planet systems}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2946}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/mnras/staa2946}},
  volume       = {{499}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}