Sensemaking following surprise in the cockpit—a re-framing problem
(2016) In Cognition, Technology and Work 18(4). p.623-642- Abstract
Re-framing is the process by which a person “fills the gap” between what is expected and what has been observed, that is, to try and make sense of what is going on following a surprise. It is an active and adaptive process guided by expectations, which are based on knowledge and experience. In this article, surprise situations in cockpit operations are examined by investigating the re-framing process. The results show difficulties that pilots have in re-framing following surprise, including the identification of subtle cues and managing uncertainties regarding automated systems, coping with multiple goals, tasks and narrow time frames and identifying an appropriate action. A crew-aircraft sensemaking model is presented, outlining core... (More)
Re-framing is the process by which a person “fills the gap” between what is expected and what has been observed, that is, to try and make sense of what is going on following a surprise. It is an active and adaptive process guided by expectations, which are based on knowledge and experience. In this article, surprise situations in cockpit operations are examined by investigating the re-framing process. The results show difficulties that pilots have in re-framing following surprise, including the identification of subtle cues and managing uncertainties regarding automated systems, coping with multiple goals, tasks and narrow time frames and identifying an appropriate action. A crew-aircraft sensemaking model is presented, outlining core concepts of re-framing processes and sensemaking activities. Based on the findings, three critical areas are identified that deserve further attention to improve pilot abilities to cope with unexpected events; (1) identification of what enables and obstructs re-framing, (2) training to build frames and develop re-framing strategies and (3) control strategies as part of the re-framing process.
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- author
- Rankin, Amy ; Woltjer, Rogier LU and Field, Joris
- publishing date
- 2016-11-01
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Cockpit operations, Re-framing, Sensemaking, Surprise, Training
- in
- Cognition, Technology and Work
- volume
- 18
- issue
- 4
- pages
- 20 pages
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:84988418813
- ISSN
- 1435-5558
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10111-016-0390-2
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- additional info
- Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the flight crews and aviation industry experts that participated in the interviews for this study. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Edzard Boland of NLR for his part in conducting interviews as well as the other aviation experts and consortium partners of the Man4Gen research project. A big thank you to David Woods for helpful advice and guidance throughout the process of this research and feedback on draft manuscripts. The authors would also like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers of this journal for valuable comments and feedback which have led to improve the clarity of the paper. This research was funded under the “Man4Gen” research project as part of the FP7 2012 Aeronautics and Air Transport programme under EC contract ACP2-GA-2012-314765-Man4Gen. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position and opinions of the Man4Gen consortium and/or any of the individual partner organisations. Publisher Copyright: © 2016, The Author(s).
- id
- 8420aad6-fd5f-4074-bb77-40a65f7928e7
- date added to LUP
- 2024-03-05 18:53:24
- date last changed
- 2024-03-07 15:34:19
@article{8420aad6-fd5f-4074-bb77-40a65f7928e7,
abstract = {{<p>Re-framing is the process by which a person “fills the gap” between what is expected and what has been observed, that is, to try and make sense of what is going on following a surprise. It is an active and adaptive process guided by expectations, which are based on knowledge and experience. In this article, surprise situations in cockpit operations are examined by investigating the re-framing process. The results show difficulties that pilots have in re-framing following surprise, including the identification of subtle cues and managing uncertainties regarding automated systems, coping with multiple goals, tasks and narrow time frames and identifying an appropriate action. A crew-aircraft sensemaking model is presented, outlining core concepts of re-framing processes and sensemaking activities. Based on the findings, three critical areas are identified that deserve further attention to improve pilot abilities to cope with unexpected events; (1) identification of what enables and obstructs re-framing, (2) training to build frames and develop re-framing strategies and (3) control strategies as part of the re-framing process.</p>}},
author = {{Rankin, Amy and Woltjer, Rogier and Field, Joris}},
issn = {{1435-5558}},
keywords = {{Cockpit operations; Re-framing; Sensemaking; Surprise; Training}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{11}},
number = {{4}},
pages = {{623--642}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{Cognition, Technology and Work}},
title = {{Sensemaking following surprise in the cockpit—a re-framing problem}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-016-0390-2}},
doi = {{10.1007/s10111-016-0390-2}},
volume = {{18}},
year = {{2016}},
}