Improving inorganic composition and ash fusion behavior of spruce bark by leaching with water, acetic acid, and steam pre-treatment condensate
Singhal, Abhishek ; Goel, Avishek ; Bhatnagar, Anubhuti ; Roslander, Christian LU ; Wallberg, Ola LU
; Konttinen, Jukka
and Joronen, Tero
(2023)
In Chemical Engineering Journal
452.
- Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of water and acetic acid washing on the chemical composition of spruce bark in-depth. Also, washing with steam explosion condensate (SEC) was investigated which is a novel attempt. The leaching kinetics of troubling elements (TE) was studied to understand the leaching behavior of TEs and for upscaling the process. Furthermore, to study the ash transformation behavior of TEs in pre-treated and raw bark at high temperatures (500–1500 °C), thermodynamic equilibrium modeling (TEM) was also performed. The result of washing pre-treatment shows high removal of TEs: 22–97% Na, 46–82% Cl, 14–79% K, 14–65% Mg, 25–50% S, 3–22% Ca, 12–36% P, 3–43% Si, and 6–35% N. Continuous removal of TEs was seen with... (More)
The present study evaluates the effect of water and acetic acid washing on the chemical composition of spruce bark in-depth. Also, washing with steam explosion condensate (SEC) was investigated which is a novel attempt. The leaching kinetics of troubling elements (TE) was studied to understand the leaching behavior of TEs and for upscaling the process. Furthermore, to study the ash transformation behavior of TEs in pre-treated and raw bark at high temperatures (500–1500 °C), thermodynamic equilibrium modeling (TEM) was also performed. The result of washing pre-treatment shows high removal of TEs: 22–97% Na, 46–82% Cl, 14–79% K, 14–65% Mg, 25–50% S, 3–22% Ca, 12–36% P, 3–43% Si, and 6–35% N. Continuous removal of TEs was seen with increasing washing duration where most of TEs followed a second-order leaching kinetics. Acid washing results in a much higher and quicker removal for all TEs than water washing. Due to the acidic nature of the SEC, it shows similar removal of TEs as the 0.1 M acetic acid solution. TEM reveals that the transformation behavior of TEs in bark changes considerably after pre-treatment. Pre-treated bark shows the formation of fewer problematic compounds responsible for fouling, slagging, and corrosion at typical gasification and combustion temperatures, such as KCl, K2SO4, K2CO3, KOH, Na2SO4, NaCl, and K-, Na-, P-, and Ca-slag. Though best washing efficiency was seen for longer washing durations, 10 min washing with 0.1 M acetic acid or SEC may be adequate for practical applications.
(Less)
- author
- Singhal, Abhishek
; Goel, Avishek
; Bhatnagar, Anubhuti
; Roslander, Christian
LU
; Wallberg, Ola
LU
; Konttinen, Jukka
and Joronen, Tero
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023-01-15
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Biomass pre-treatment, Slagging, Steam explosion, Thermochemical conversion, Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling, Washing
- in
- Chemical Engineering Journal
- volume
- 452
- article number
- 139351
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85144468870
- ISSN
- 1385-8947
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cej.2022.139351
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 84a1e37a-e647-46e7-9845-95160f75b72d
- date added to LUP
- 2023-02-03 09:03:45
- date last changed
- 2023-12-19 23:58:09
@article{84a1e37a-e647-46e7-9845-95160f75b72d,
abstract = {{<p>The present study evaluates the effect of water and acetic acid washing on the chemical composition of spruce bark in-depth. Also, washing with steam explosion condensate (SEC) was investigated which is a novel attempt. The leaching kinetics of troubling elements (TE) was studied to understand the leaching behavior of TEs and for upscaling the process. Furthermore, to study the ash transformation behavior of TEs in pre-treated and raw bark at high temperatures (500–1500 °C), thermodynamic equilibrium modeling (TEM) was also performed. The result of washing pre-treatment shows high removal of TEs: 22–97% Na, 46–82% Cl, 14–79% K, 14–65% Mg, 25–50% S, 3–22% Ca, 12–36% P, 3–43% Si, and 6–35% N. Continuous removal of TEs was seen with increasing washing duration where most of TEs followed a second-order leaching kinetics. Acid washing results in a much higher and quicker removal for all TEs than water washing. Due to the acidic nature of the SEC, it shows similar removal of TEs as the 0.1 M acetic acid solution. TEM reveals that the transformation behavior of TEs in bark changes considerably after pre-treatment. Pre-treated bark shows the formation of fewer problematic compounds responsible for fouling, slagging, and corrosion at typical gasification and combustion temperatures, such as KCl, K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, KOH, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, NaCl, and K-, Na-, P-, and Ca-slag. Though best washing efficiency was seen for longer washing durations, 10 min washing with 0.1 M acetic acid or SEC may be adequate for practical applications.</p>}},
author = {{Singhal, Abhishek and Goel, Avishek and Bhatnagar, Anubhuti and Roslander, Christian and Wallberg, Ola and Konttinen, Jukka and Joronen, Tero}},
issn = {{1385-8947}},
keywords = {{Biomass pre-treatment; Slagging; Steam explosion; Thermochemical conversion; Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling; Washing}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{01}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{Chemical Engineering Journal}},
title = {{Improving inorganic composition and ash fusion behavior of spruce bark by leaching with water, acetic acid, and steam pre-treatment condensate}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139351}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.cej.2022.139351}},
volume = {{452}},
year = {{2023}},
}