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Precision medicine in obesity and type 2 diabetes : The relevance of early-life exposures

Estampador, Angela C. LU and Franks, Paul W. LU (2018) In Clinical Chemistry 64(1). p.130-141
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent and devastating. Obesity is a diabetogenic factor, driving insulin resistance and a compensatory demand for increased insulin secretion from the pancreatic cells; a failure to address this demand results in diabetes. Accordingly, primary and secondary prevention of obesity are at the core of diabetes prevention programs. The development of obesity and declining β-cell function often span many years or decades before diabetes is clinically manifest. Thus, characterizing the early-life process and risk factors that set disease trajectories may yield novel targets for early intervention and help improve the accuracy of prediction algorithms, factors germane to the emerging field of precision... (More)

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent and devastating. Obesity is a diabetogenic factor, driving insulin resistance and a compensatory demand for increased insulin secretion from the pancreatic cells; a failure to address this demand results in diabetes. Accordingly, primary and secondary prevention of obesity are at the core of diabetes prevention programs. The development of obesity and declining β-cell function often span many years or decades before diabetes is clinically manifest. Thus, characterizing the early-life process and risk factors that set disease trajectories may yield novel targets for early intervention and help improve the accuracy of prediction algorithms, factors germane to the emerging field of precision medicine. CONTENT: Here, we overview the concepts of precision medicine and fetal programming. We discuss the barriers to preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood and present the rationale for considering early-life events in this context. In so doing, we discuss proof-of-concept studies and cutting-edge technological developments that are likely to transform current thinking on the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We also review the factors hampering progress, including the success and failures of pregnancy intervention trials. SUMMARY: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are among the major health and economic burdens of our time. Defeating these diseases is likely to require life-course approaches, which may include aggressive interventions informed by biomarker profiling undertaken during early life.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Clinical Chemistry
volume
64
issue
1
pages
12 pages
publisher
American Association for Clinical Chemistry
external identifiers
  • pmid:29097511
  • scopus:85040034682
ISSN
0009-9147
DOI
10.1373/clinchem.2017.273540
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
89642ae5-5b86-4cff-97d4-e9f0cf6a3e6e
date added to LUP
2018-01-24 13:53:05
date last changed
2024-04-15 01:19:02
@article{89642ae5-5b86-4cff-97d4-e9f0cf6a3e6e,
  abstract     = {{<p>BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent and devastating. Obesity is a diabetogenic factor, driving insulin resistance and a compensatory demand for increased insulin secretion from the pancreatic cells; a failure to address this demand results in diabetes. Accordingly, primary and secondary prevention of obesity are at the core of diabetes prevention programs. The development of obesity and declining β-cell function often span many years or decades before diabetes is clinically manifest. Thus, characterizing the early-life process and risk factors that set disease trajectories may yield novel targets for early intervention and help improve the accuracy of prediction algorithms, factors germane to the emerging field of precision medicine. CONTENT: Here, we overview the concepts of precision medicine and fetal programming. We discuss the barriers to preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood and present the rationale for considering early-life events in this context. In so doing, we discuss proof-of-concept studies and cutting-edge technological developments that are likely to transform current thinking on the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We also review the factors hampering progress, including the success and failures of pregnancy intervention trials. SUMMARY: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are among the major health and economic burdens of our time. Defeating these diseases is likely to require life-course approaches, which may include aggressive interventions informed by biomarker profiling undertaken during early life.</p>}},
  author       = {{Estampador, Angela C. and Franks, Paul W.}},
  issn         = {{0009-9147}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{01}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{130--141}},
  publisher    = {{American Association for Clinical Chemistry}},
  series       = {{Clinical Chemistry}},
  title        = {{Precision medicine in obesity and type 2 diabetes : The relevance of early-life exposures}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.273540}},
  doi          = {{10.1373/clinchem.2017.273540}},
  volume       = {{64}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}