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Estimated sodium intake and premature ventricular complexes : Data from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study

Economou Lundeberg, Johan LU orcid ; Wuopio, Jonas ; Mente, Andrew ; Måneheim, Alexandra LU ; Okrajni, Magdalena LU ; Healey, Jeffrey S. ; Sundström, Johan ; Ärnlöv, Johan ; Engström, Gunnar LU and Johnson, Linda S.B. LU (2025) In Heart
Abstract

Background: Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) predict coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and death, all of which are also related to sodium intake. We studied estimated sodium intake and PVC frequency in the randomly selected population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study cohort. Methods: In our cross-sectional study, we included 5636 individuals with 24-hour ECG registration and fasting morning urine sampling. Sodium intake was estimated using the Kawasaki formula, and the association between sodium intake and PVC frequency was modelled using multivariable negative binomial regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, level of education, height, physical activity and smoking status, across... (More)

Background: Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) predict coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and death, all of which are also related to sodium intake. We studied estimated sodium intake and PVC frequency in the randomly selected population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study cohort. Methods: In our cross-sectional study, we included 5636 individuals with 24-hour ECG registration and fasting morning urine sampling. Sodium intake was estimated using the Kawasaki formula, and the association between sodium intake and PVC frequency was modelled using multivariable negative binomial regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, level of education, height, physical activity and smoking status, across prespecified strata of sodium intake: <2 g/day, 2-2.99 g/day, 3-3.99 g/day (reference category), 4-4.99 g/day and ≥5 g/day. Results: The median age was 57.6 years, and 51.9% were female. The median daily PVC count was 8 (IQR 3-41); 5.9% had ≥500 PVCs/24 hours. The mean estimated sodium intake was 3.3 g/day. There was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVCs. Compared with the reference of 3-3.99 g/day (28% of participants), sodium intakes <2 g/day (15% of participants) and ≥5 g/day (10% of participants) were associated with 26% (95% CI 6% to 49%) and 52% (95% CI 26% to 84%, p<0.01) increases in PVC frequency, respectively, but intakes of 2-2.99 g/day and 4-4.99 g/day were not (5% (95% CI -8% to 20%) and 4% (95% CI -11% to 22%) increase, respectively). Conclusion: There was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVC frequency, with both low and high sodium intake associated with higher PVC frequency.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
epub
subject
keywords
Epidemiology, Ventricular Premature Complexes
in
Heart
article number
heartjnl-2024-324391
publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • pmid:39961640
  • scopus:85219677863
ISSN
1355-6037
DOI
10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324391
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
8b3c5ba7-8c62-4974-bfaa-3246f2f8c224
date added to LUP
2025-06-27 09:47:30
date last changed
2025-07-11 10:18:03
@article{8b3c5ba7-8c62-4974-bfaa-3246f2f8c224,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) predict coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and death, all of which are also related to sodium intake. We studied estimated sodium intake and PVC frequency in the randomly selected population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study cohort. Methods: In our cross-sectional study, we included 5636 individuals with 24-hour ECG registration and fasting morning urine sampling. Sodium intake was estimated using the Kawasaki formula, and the association between sodium intake and PVC frequency was modelled using multivariable negative binomial regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, level of education, height, physical activity and smoking status, across prespecified strata of sodium intake: &lt;2 g/day, 2-2.99 g/day, 3-3.99 g/day (reference category), 4-4.99 g/day and ≥5 g/day. Results: The median age was 57.6 years, and 51.9% were female. The median daily PVC count was 8 (IQR 3-41); 5.9% had ≥500 PVCs/24 hours. The mean estimated sodium intake was 3.3 g/day. There was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVCs. Compared with the reference of 3-3.99 g/day (28% of participants), sodium intakes &lt;2 g/day (15% of participants) and ≥5 g/day (10% of participants) were associated with 26% (95% CI 6% to 49%) and 52% (95% CI 26% to 84%, p&lt;0.01) increases in PVC frequency, respectively, but intakes of 2-2.99 g/day and 4-4.99 g/day were not (5% (95% CI -8% to 20%) and 4% (95% CI -11% to 22%) increase, respectively). Conclusion: There was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVC frequency, with both low and high sodium intake associated with higher PVC frequency.</p>}},
  author       = {{Economou Lundeberg, Johan and Wuopio, Jonas and Mente, Andrew and Måneheim, Alexandra and Okrajni, Magdalena and Healey, Jeffrey S. and Sundström, Johan and Ärnlöv, Johan and Engström, Gunnar and Johnson, Linda S.B.}},
  issn         = {{1355-6037}},
  keywords     = {{Epidemiology; Ventricular Premature Complexes}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{BMJ Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{Heart}},
  title        = {{Estimated sodium intake and premature ventricular complexes : Data from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324391}},
  doi          = {{10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324391}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}