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Neuronal Replacement as a Tool for Basal Ganglia Circuitry Repair : 40 Years in Perspective

Björklund, Anders LU orcid and Parmar, Malin LU orcid (2020) In Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 14. p.146-146
Abstract

The ability of new neurons to promote repair of brain circuitry depends on their capacity to re-establish afferent and efferent connections with the host. In this review article, we give an overview of past and current efforts to restore damaged connectivity in the adult mammalian brain using implants of fetal neuroblasts or stem cell-derived neuronal precursors, with a focus on strategies aimed to repair damaged basal ganglia circuitry induced by lesions that mimic the pathology seen in humans affected by Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. Early work performed in rodents showed that neuroblasts obtained from striatal primordia or fetal ventral mesencephalon can become anatomically and functionally integrated into lesioned striatal... (More)

The ability of new neurons to promote repair of brain circuitry depends on their capacity to re-establish afferent and efferent connections with the host. In this review article, we give an overview of past and current efforts to restore damaged connectivity in the adult mammalian brain using implants of fetal neuroblasts or stem cell-derived neuronal precursors, with a focus on strategies aimed to repair damaged basal ganglia circuitry induced by lesions that mimic the pathology seen in humans affected by Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. Early work performed in rodents showed that neuroblasts obtained from striatal primordia or fetal ventral mesencephalon can become anatomically and functionally integrated into lesioned striatal and nigral circuitry, establish afferent and efferent connections with the lesioned host, and reverse the lesion-induced behavioral impairments. Recent progress in the generation of striatal and nigral progenitors from pluripotent stem cells have provided compelling evidence that they can survive and mature in the lesioned brain and re-establish afferent and efferent axonal connectivity with a remarkable degree of specificity. The studies of cell-based circuitry repair are now entering a new phase. The introduction of genetic and virus-based techniques for brain connectomics has opened entirely new possibilities for studies of graft-host integration and connectivity, and the access to more refined experimental techniques, such as chemo- and optogenetics, has provided new powerful tools to study the capacity of grafted neurons to impact the function of the host brain. Progress in this field will help to guide the efforts to develop therapeutic strategies for cell-based repair in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions involving damage to basal ganglia circuitry.

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author
and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
volume
14
pages
146 - 146
publisher
Frontiers Media S. A.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85086410240
  • pmid:32547369
ISSN
1662-5102
DOI
10.3389/fncel.2020.00146
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Copyright © 2020 Björklund and Parmar.
id
900e8053-939a-4e2c-b6ee-1b37910897ef
date added to LUP
2020-08-24 08:44:41
date last changed
2024-05-01 15:29:55
@article{900e8053-939a-4e2c-b6ee-1b37910897ef,
  abstract     = {{<p>The ability of new neurons to promote repair of brain circuitry depends on their capacity to re-establish afferent and efferent connections with the host. In this review article, we give an overview of past and current efforts to restore damaged connectivity in the adult mammalian brain using implants of fetal neuroblasts or stem cell-derived neuronal precursors, with a focus on strategies aimed to repair damaged basal ganglia circuitry induced by lesions that mimic the pathology seen in humans affected by Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. Early work performed in rodents showed that neuroblasts obtained from striatal primordia or fetal ventral mesencephalon can become anatomically and functionally integrated into lesioned striatal and nigral circuitry, establish afferent and efferent connections with the lesioned host, and reverse the lesion-induced behavioral impairments. Recent progress in the generation of striatal and nigral progenitors from pluripotent stem cells have provided compelling evidence that they can survive and mature in the lesioned brain and re-establish afferent and efferent axonal connectivity with a remarkable degree of specificity. The studies of cell-based circuitry repair are now entering a new phase. The introduction of genetic and virus-based techniques for brain connectomics has opened entirely new possibilities for studies of graft-host integration and connectivity, and the access to more refined experimental techniques, such as chemo- and optogenetics, has provided new powerful tools to study the capacity of grafted neurons to impact the function of the host brain. Progress in this field will help to guide the efforts to develop therapeutic strategies for cell-based repair in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions involving damage to basal ganglia circuitry.</p>}},
  author       = {{Björklund, Anders and Parmar, Malin}},
  issn         = {{1662-5102}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{146--146}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media S. A.}},
  series       = {{Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience}},
  title        = {{Neuronal Replacement as a Tool for Basal Ganglia Circuitry Repair : 40 Years in Perspective}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/100828273/Bjorklund_pdf_publication_in_frontiers.pdf}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fncel.2020.00146}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}