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The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements : Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly

Ramonet, M. ; Ciais, P. ; Apadula, F. ; Bartyzel, J. ; Bastos, A. ; Bergamaschi, P. ; Blanc, P. E. ; Brunner, D. LU ; Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo, L. and Calzolari, F. , et al. (2020) In Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375(1810).
Abstract

During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015,... (More)

During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO 2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO 2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO 2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO 2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO 2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO 2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
atmospheric CO 2 measurements, drought, ICOS, net ecosystem exchange
in
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
volume
375
issue
1810
article number
20190513
publisher
Royal Society Publishing
external identifiers
  • pmid:32892733
  • scopus:85089192265
ISSN
0962-8436
DOI
10.1098/rstb.2019.0513
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Funding Information: The authors acknowledge all the technical staff in charge of operating the atmospheric stations. ICOS activities at CMN have been implemented by the National Project of Interest NextData and are supported by the Ministry of Education, University and Research and by the ‘ICOS-Italy' JRU; CNR acknowledges the logistic support and hospitality of Italian Air Force ‘CAMM'. Thanks to the people from the Parc Científic of Barcelona (PCB-UB), the Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences (IC3) and the Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB) who contributed to ClimaDat: MA Rodríguez-Arias, A Font, I Pouchet, A Águeda, R Arias, L Sánchez, P Occhipinti, M Tello, S Liñan, Ò Batet, M Nofuentes, C Grossi, M Ealo, S Borrás, L Cañas, E Vázquez, A Jornet, À Garriga, C Estruch. The French monitoring network acknowledges the long-term support received as part of the Service National d'Observation program. Thanks to V Legendre, P Wiszniowski, L Gest, PY Quéhé, J Helle, T Laemmel, L Vialettes, A Orgun, R Jacob, D Combaz, C Lett, O Llido, C Peureux, C Vuillemin, F Truong, B Gal. Funding Information: The UK sites were funded by the UK Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (formerly the Department of Energy and Climate Change) through contracts TRN1028/06/2015 and TRN1537/06/2018. The Cabauw measurements have been supported by the Dutch government as well as national and European projects. The Hegyhatsall measurements have been supported by the Hungarian Meteorological Service, and funded by the project OTKA K129118. For Bialystok, we wish to acknowledge the support of the Max Planck Society and AeroMeteo Service Krzysztof Katryński. Operation of the Krešín u Pacova station was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the CzeCOS program, grant number LM2015061 and within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), grant number LO1415. Measurements at Lampedusa were supported by the Italian Ministry for University and Research through project NextData and the ICOS-Italy Joint Research Unit. The stations at the ClimaDat Network in Spain have received funding from the ‘la Caixa’ Foundation, under agreement 2010-002624. Acknowledgements Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s).
id
930ff40f-7666-4cb9-84a2-0a8b3a2f4ca2
date added to LUP
2023-06-16 16:02:33
date last changed
2024-03-08 02:55:22
@article{930ff40f-7666-4cb9-84a2-0a8b3a2f4ca2,
  abstract     = {{<p>During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO 2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO 2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO 2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO 2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO 2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO 2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO 2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO 2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.</p>}},
  author       = {{Ramonet, M. and Ciais, P. and Apadula, F. and Bartyzel, J. and Bastos, A. and Bergamaschi, P. and Blanc, P. E. and Brunner, D. and Caracciolo Di Torchiarolo, L. and Calzolari, F. and Chen, H. and Chmura, L. and Colomb, A. and Conil, S. and Cristofanelli, P. and Cuevas, E. and Curcoll, R. and Delmotte, M. and Di Sarra, A. and Emmenegger, L. and Forster, G. and Frumau, A. and Gerbig, C. and Gheusi, F. and Hammer, S. and Haszpra, L. and Hatakka, J. and Hazan, L. and Heliasz, M. and Henne, S. and Hensen, A. and Hermansen, O. and Keronen, P. and Kivi, R. and Komínková, K. and Kubistin, D. and Laurent, O. and Laurila, T. and Lavric, J. V. and Lehner, I. and Lehtinen, K. E.J. and Leskinen, A. and Leuenberger, M. and Levin, I. and Lindauer, M. and Lopez, M. and Myhre, C. Lund and Mölder, M. and Ottosson, M. and Vermeulen, A.}},
  issn         = {{0962-8436}},
  keywords     = {{atmospheric CO 2 measurements; drought; ICOS; net ecosystem exchange}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  number       = {{1810}},
  publisher    = {{Royal Society Publishing}},
  series       = {{Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}},
  title        = {{The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements : Atmospheric CO 2 anomaly}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0513}},
  doi          = {{10.1098/rstb.2019.0513}},
  volume       = {{375}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}