Architecture and structural evolution of an early Little Ice Age terminal moraine at the surge-type glacier Mulajokull, Iceland
(2015) In Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface 120(9). p.1895-1910- Abstract
- The internal architecture and structural evolution of the Arnarfellsmular terminal moraine at Mulajokull, a surge-type glacier in central Iceland, is described in order to demonstrate submarginal and proglacial glaciotectonic processes during glacier surging, as well as constraining the age of the maximum extent of the glacier. The moraine is 4-7m high, 50-100m wide, and composed of a highly deformed sequence of loess, peat, and tephra that is draped by till up to the crest. The internal architecture is dominated by steep, high-amplitude overturned folds and thrusts in the crest zone but open, low-amplitude folds on the distal slope. Section balancing suggests a basal detachment (decollement) depth of 1.4m and a total horizontal shortening... (More)
- The internal architecture and structural evolution of the Arnarfellsmular terminal moraine at Mulajokull, a surge-type glacier in central Iceland, is described in order to demonstrate submarginal and proglacial glaciotectonic processes during glacier surging, as well as constraining the age of the maximum extent of the glacier. The moraine is 4-7m high, 50-100m wide, and composed of a highly deformed sequence of loess, peat, and tephra that is draped by till up to the crest. The internal architecture is dominated by steep, high-amplitude overturned folds and thrusts in the crest zone but open, low-amplitude folds on the distal slope. Section balancing suggests a basal detachment (decollement) depth of 1.4m and a total horizontal shortening of around 59%. This implies that the glacier coupled to the foreland about 70m up glacier from its terminal position to initiate the formation of the moraine. The structural evolution is polyphase in that the formation commenced with low-amplitude open folding of the foreland, followed by overfolding and piggyback thrusting. Radiocarbon dating and analysis of tephra layers, along with historical references, indicate that the most likely time of moraine formation was between A.D. 1717 and 1760, which suggests that Mulajokull had its Little Ice Age maximum and most extensive surge earlier than many other surge-type glaciers in Iceland. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/8201600
- author
- Benediktsson, Ivar Örn LU ; Schomacker, Anders ; Johnson, Mark D. ; Geiger, Alessa J. ; Ingolfsson, Olafur and Guomundsdottir, Esther Ruth
- organization
- publishing date
- 2015
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- glaciotectonic, moraine, folding and thrusting, horizontal shortening, surge-type glacier, Mulajokull
- in
- Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface
- volume
- 120
- issue
- 9
- pages
- 1895 - 1910
- publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000363464200016
- scopus:84944688604
- ISSN
- 2169-9011
- DOI
- 10.1002/2015JF003514
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 95676078-d11f-4733-b226-a9927ca60794 (old id 8201600)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 09:52:09
- date last changed
- 2022-01-25 17:24:27
@article{95676078-d11f-4733-b226-a9927ca60794,
abstract = {{The internal architecture and structural evolution of the Arnarfellsmular terminal moraine at Mulajokull, a surge-type glacier in central Iceland, is described in order to demonstrate submarginal and proglacial glaciotectonic processes during glacier surging, as well as constraining the age of the maximum extent of the glacier. The moraine is 4-7m high, 50-100m wide, and composed of a highly deformed sequence of loess, peat, and tephra that is draped by till up to the crest. The internal architecture is dominated by steep, high-amplitude overturned folds and thrusts in the crest zone but open, low-amplitude folds on the distal slope. Section balancing suggests a basal detachment (decollement) depth of 1.4m and a total horizontal shortening of around 59%. This implies that the glacier coupled to the foreland about 70m up glacier from its terminal position to initiate the formation of the moraine. The structural evolution is polyphase in that the formation commenced with low-amplitude open folding of the foreland, followed by overfolding and piggyback thrusting. Radiocarbon dating and analysis of tephra layers, along with historical references, indicate that the most likely time of moraine formation was between A.D. 1717 and 1760, which suggests that Mulajokull had its Little Ice Age maximum and most extensive surge earlier than many other surge-type glaciers in Iceland.}},
author = {{Benediktsson, Ivar Örn and Schomacker, Anders and Johnson, Mark D. and Geiger, Alessa J. and Ingolfsson, Olafur and Guomundsdottir, Esther Ruth}},
issn = {{2169-9011}},
keywords = {{glaciotectonic; moraine; folding and thrusting; horizontal shortening; surge-type glacier; Mulajokull}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{9}},
pages = {{1895--1910}},
publisher = {{American Geophysical Union (AGU)}},
series = {{Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface}},
title = {{Architecture and structural evolution of an early Little Ice Age terminal moraine at the surge-type glacier Mulajokull, Iceland}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003514}},
doi = {{10.1002/2015JF003514}},
volume = {{120}},
year = {{2015}},
}