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Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a Quaternary sediment and Cretaceous sandstone unconfined aquifer in Northwestern China

Yu, Zhi Qiang ; Amano, Hiroki LU ; Nakagawa, Kei LU orcid and Berndtsson, Ronny LU orcid (2018) In Environmental Earth Sciences 77(18).
Abstract

A better understanding of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in vulnerable aquifers is important for the protection of water resources. To assess groundwater chemistry, groundwater sampling was performed from different representative aquifers in 2012–2013. A Piper trilinear diagram showed that the groundwater types can be classified into Na–SO4 and Na–Cl types. Only one groundwater sample was Na–HCO3 type. The dominant cations for all samples were Na+. However, the dominant anions varied from HCO3
− to SO4
2−, and as well Cl−. The mean total dissolved solid (TDS) content of... (More)

A better understanding of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in vulnerable aquifers is important for the protection of water resources. To assess groundwater chemistry, groundwater sampling was performed from different representative aquifers in 2012–2013. A Piper trilinear diagram showed that the groundwater types can be classified into Na–SO4 and Na–Cl types. Only one groundwater sample was Na–HCO3 type. The dominant cations for all samples were Na+. However, the dominant anions varied from HCO3
− to SO4
2−, and as well Cl−. The mean total dissolved solid (TDS) content of groundwater in the region was 1889 mg/L. Thus, only 20% of groundwater samples meet Chinese drinking water standards (< 1000 mg/L). Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and self-organizing maps (SOM) were applied for the classification of the groundwater geochemistry. The three first principal components explained 58, 20, and 16% of the variance, respectively. The first component reflects sulfate minerals (gypsum, anhydrite) and halite dissolution, and/or evaporation in the shallow aquifer. The second and third components are interpreted as carbonate rock dissolution. The reason for two factors is that the different aquifers give rise to different degree of hydrogeochemical evolution (different travel distances and travel times). Identified clusters for evolution characteristic and influencing factors were confirmed by the PCA–HCA methods. Using information from eight ion components and SOM, formation mechanisms and influencing factors for the present groundwater quality were determined.

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author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Hydrogeochemical characteristics, Principal component analysis, Self-organizing maps, Sulfate minerals, The Dosit River
in
Environmental Earth Sciences
volume
77
issue
18
article number
629
publisher
Springer
external identifiers
  • scopus:85053216534
ISSN
1866-6280
DOI
10.1007/s12665-018-7816-5
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
991a6ed4-b0a0-4af4-bfdb-7af60f265a99
date added to LUP
2018-10-12 09:54:14
date last changed
2023-09-08 08:51:04
@article{991a6ed4-b0a0-4af4-bfdb-7af60f265a99,
  abstract     = {{<p>A better understanding of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in vulnerable aquifers is important for the protection of water resources. To assess groundwater chemistry, groundwater sampling was performed from different representative aquifers in 2012–2013. A Piper trilinear diagram showed that the groundwater types can be classified into Na–SO<sub>4</sub> and Na–Cl types. Only one groundwater sample was Na–HCO<sub>3</sub> type. The dominant cations for all samples were Na<sup>+</sup>. However, the dominant anions varied from HCO<sub>3</sub><br>
                            <sup>−</sup> to SO<sub>4</sub><br>
                            <sup>2−</sup>, and as well Cl<sup>−</sup>. The mean total dissolved solid (TDS) content of groundwater in the region was 1889 mg/L. Thus, only 20% of groundwater samples meet Chinese drinking water standards (&lt; 1000 mg/L). Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and self-organizing maps (SOM) were applied for the classification of the groundwater geochemistry. The three first principal components explained 58, 20, and 16% of the variance, respectively. The first component reflects sulfate minerals (gypsum, anhydrite) and halite dissolution, and/or evaporation in the shallow aquifer. The second and third components are interpreted as carbonate rock dissolution. The reason for two factors is that the different aquifers give rise to different degree of hydrogeochemical evolution (different travel distances and travel times). Identified clusters for evolution characteristic and influencing factors were confirmed by the PCA–HCA methods. Using information from eight ion components and SOM, formation mechanisms and influencing factors for the present groundwater quality were determined.</p>}},
  author       = {{Yu, Zhi Qiang and Amano, Hiroki and Nakagawa, Kei and Berndtsson, Ronny}},
  issn         = {{1866-6280}},
  keywords     = {{Hydrogeochemical characteristics; Principal component analysis; Self-organizing maps; Sulfate minerals; The Dosit River}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{18}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  series       = {{Environmental Earth Sciences}},
  title        = {{Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a Quaternary sediment and Cretaceous sandstone unconfined aquifer in Northwestern China}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7816-5}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s12665-018-7816-5}},
  volume       = {{77}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}