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New Results in Quantum Analysis of LED : Featuring One and Two Oracle Attacks

Wang, Siyi ; Jang, Kyungbae ; Baksi, Anubhab LU orcid ; Chakraborty, Sumanta ; Lee, Bryan ; Chattopadhyay, Anupam and Seo, Hwajeong (2025) 26th International Conference on Cryptology in India, INDOCRYPT 2025 In Lecture Notes in Computer Science 16372 LNCS. p.339-364
Abstract

Quantum computing has attracted substantial attention from researchers across various fields. In case of the symmetric key cryptography, the main problem is posed by the application of Grover’s search. In this work, we focus on quantum analysis of the lightweight block cipher LED. This paper proposes an optimized quantum circuit for LED, minimizing the required number of qubits, quantum gates, and circuit depth. Furthermore, we conduct Grover’s attack and Search with Two Oracles (STO) attack on the proposed LED cipher, estimating the quantum resources required for the corresponding attack oracles. The STO attack outperforms the usual Grover’s search when the state size is less than the key size. Beyond analyzing the cipher itself (i.e.,... (More)

Quantum computing has attracted substantial attention from researchers across various fields. In case of the symmetric key cryptography, the main problem is posed by the application of Grover’s search. In this work, we focus on quantum analysis of the lightweight block cipher LED. This paper proposes an optimized quantum circuit for LED, minimizing the required number of qubits, quantum gates, and circuit depth. Furthermore, we conduct Grover’s attack and Search with Two Oracles (STO) attack on the proposed LED cipher, estimating the quantum resources required for the corresponding attack oracles. The STO attack outperforms the usual Grover’s search when the state size is less than the key size. Beyond analyzing the cipher itself (i.e., the ECB mode), this work also evaluates the effectiveness of quantum attacks on LED across different modes of operation.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Grover’s Search, LED Block Cipher, Modes of Operation, Quantum Cryptanalysis, Resource Estimation, Search with Two Oracles
host publication
Progress in Cryptology - INDOCRYPT 2025 - 26th International Conference on Cryptology in India, Proceedings
series title
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
editor
Dutta, Ratna ; De Feo, Luca and Gangopadhyay, Sugata
volume
16372 LNCS
pages
26 pages
publisher
Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
conference name
26th International Conference on Cryptology in India, INDOCRYPT 2025
conference location
Bhubaneshwar, India
conference dates
2025-12-14 - 2025-12-17
external identifiers
  • scopus:105025983621
ISSN
0302-9743
1611-3349
ISBN
9783032133007
DOI
10.1007/978-3-032-13301-4_15
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
.
id
9bc03cfd-2f55-427b-9430-6e5fcabe6130
date added to LUP
2026-03-24 13:48:10
date last changed
2026-09-24 11:21:35
@inproceedings{9bc03cfd-2f55-427b-9430-6e5fcabe6130,
  abstract     = {{<p>Quantum computing has attracted substantial attention from researchers across various fields. In case of the symmetric key cryptography, the main problem is posed by the application of Grover’s search. In this work, we focus on quantum analysis of the lightweight block cipher LED. This paper proposes an optimized quantum circuit for LED, minimizing the required number of qubits, quantum gates, and circuit depth. Furthermore, we conduct Grover’s attack and Search with Two Oracles (STO) attack on the proposed LED cipher, estimating the quantum resources required for the corresponding attack oracles. The STO attack outperforms the usual Grover’s search when the state size is less than the key size. Beyond analyzing the cipher itself (i.e., the ECB mode), this work also evaluates the effectiveness of quantum attacks on LED across different modes of operation.</p>}},
  author       = {{Wang, Siyi and Jang, Kyungbae and Baksi, Anubhab and Chakraborty, Sumanta and Lee, Bryan and Chattopadhyay, Anupam and Seo, Hwajeong}},
  booktitle    = {{Progress in Cryptology - INDOCRYPT 2025 - 26th International Conference on Cryptology in India, Proceedings}},
  editor       = {{Dutta, Ratna and De Feo, Luca and Gangopadhyay, Sugata}},
  isbn         = {{9783032133007}},
  issn         = {{0302-9743}},
  keywords     = {{Grover’s Search; LED Block Cipher; Modes of Operation; Quantum Cryptanalysis; Resource Estimation; Search with Two Oracles}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{12}},
  pages        = {{339--364}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media B.V.}},
  series       = {{Lecture Notes in Computer Science}},
  title        = {{New Results in Quantum Analysis of LED : Featuring One and Two Oracle Attacks}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-13301-4_15}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/978-3-032-13301-4_15}},
  volume       = {{16372 LNCS}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}