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Depression differed by midnight cortisol secretion, alexithymia and anxiety between diabetes types : A cross sectional comparison

FÜRST MELIN, EVA LU ; Thunander, Maria LU ; Landin-Olsson, Mona LU ; Hillman, Magnus LU and Thulesius, Hans O. LU (2017) In BMC Psychiatry 17(1). p.1-10
Abstract

Background: Increased prevalence of depression is found in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Melancholia and atypical depression differ by cortisol secretion and clinical features. The aim was to compare the clinical presentation of T1D and T2D patients in relation to self-reported depression, self-reported anxiety, alexithymia, obesity, and midnight salivary cortisol (MSC). Methods: Comparative cross-sectional design. The participants were consecutively recruited from one hospital diabetes outpatient clinic: 24 T2D patients (31-59 years) and 148 T1D patients (32-59 years). Self-reported depression, anxiety and alexithymia were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. MSC,... (More)

Background: Increased prevalence of depression is found in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Melancholia and atypical depression differ by cortisol secretion and clinical features. The aim was to compare the clinical presentation of T1D and T2D patients in relation to self-reported depression, self-reported anxiety, alexithymia, obesity, and midnight salivary cortisol (MSC). Methods: Comparative cross-sectional design. The participants were consecutively recruited from one hospital diabetes outpatient clinic: 24 T2D patients (31-59 years) and 148 T1D patients (32-59 years). Self-reported depression, anxiety and alexithymia were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. MSC, HbA1c, anthropometrics and data from medical records were collected. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Comparisons of prevalence between diabetes types showed for T2D/T1D: depression 25%/12% (P = 0.10); high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) 38%/22% (P = 0.13); alexithymia 25%/13% (P = 0.12); anxiety 38%/35% (P = 0.82). The prevalence of high MSC did not differ between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (17% vs. 44%, P = 0.35), but differed between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (53% vs. 18%, P = 0.003). The alexithymia prevalence differed between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (67% vs.11%, P = 0.018), and between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (47% vs. 11%, P < 0.001). The anxiety prevalence did not differ between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (67% vs. 28%, P = 0.15), but differed between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (76% vs. 30%, P < 0.001). The obesity prevalence (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 83% for depressed T2D patients and 6% for depressed T1D patients. In the T2D patients, depression was associated with alexithymia (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 15.0). In the T1D patients, depression was associated with anxiety (AOR 11.0), foot complications (AOR 8.5), HbA1C >70 mmol/mol (AOR 6.4), and high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) (AOR 4.8). Conclusions: The depressed T2D patients had traits of atypical depression, without associated high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) and anxiety, but the association with alexithymia was strong. The depressed T1D patients had traits of melancholia with associated high MSC and anxiety. The obesity prevalence was high in depressed T2D patients and low in depressed T1D patients.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Alexithymia, Anxiety, Cortisol, Depression, Diabetes mellitus
in
BMC Psychiatry
volume
17
issue
1
article number
335
pages
1 - 10
publisher
BioMed Central (BMC)
external identifiers
  • pmid:28931368
  • wos:000411386100001
  • scopus:85029761817
ISSN
1471-244X
DOI
10.1186/s12888-017-1495-8
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
9cf30cc6-aec5-4d4d-9191-851dafd09b99
date added to LUP
2017-10-10 16:35:16
date last changed
2024-06-10 01:18:12
@article{9cf30cc6-aec5-4d4d-9191-851dafd09b99,
  abstract     = {{<p>Background: Increased prevalence of depression is found in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Melancholia and atypical depression differ by cortisol secretion and clinical features. The aim was to compare the clinical presentation of T1D and T2D patients in relation to self-reported depression, self-reported anxiety, alexithymia, obesity, and midnight salivary cortisol (MSC). Methods: Comparative cross-sectional design. The participants were consecutively recruited from one hospital diabetes outpatient clinic: 24 T2D patients (31-59 years) and 148 T1D patients (32-59 years). Self-reported depression, anxiety and alexithymia were assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. MSC, HbA1c, anthropometrics and data from medical records were collected. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Comparisons of prevalence between diabetes types showed for T2D/T1D: depression 25%/12% (P = 0.10); high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) 38%/22% (P = 0.13); alexithymia 25%/13% (P = 0.12); anxiety 38%/35% (P = 0.82). The prevalence of high MSC did not differ between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (17% vs. 44%, P = 0.35), but differed between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (53% vs. 18%, P = 0.003). The alexithymia prevalence differed between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (67% vs.11%, P = 0.018), and between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (47% vs. 11%, P &lt; 0.001). The anxiety prevalence did not differ between depressed and non-depressed T2D patients (67% vs. 28%, P = 0.15), but differed between depressed and non-depressed T1D patients (76% vs. 30%, P &lt; 0.001). The obesity prevalence (BMI ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) was 83% for depressed T2D patients and 6% for depressed T1D patients. In the T2D patients, depression was associated with alexithymia (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 15.0). In the T1D patients, depression was associated with anxiety (AOR 11.0), foot complications (AOR 8.5), HbA1C &gt;70 mmol/mol (AOR 6.4), and high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) (AOR 4.8). Conclusions: The depressed T2D patients had traits of atypical depression, without associated high MSC (≥9.3 nmol/L) and anxiety, but the association with alexithymia was strong. The depressed T1D patients had traits of melancholia with associated high MSC and anxiety. The obesity prevalence was high in depressed T2D patients and low in depressed T1D patients.</p>}},
  author       = {{FÜRST MELIN, EVA and Thunander, Maria and Landin-Olsson, Mona and Hillman, Magnus and Thulesius, Hans O.}},
  issn         = {{1471-244X}},
  keywords     = {{Alexithymia; Anxiety; Cortisol; Depression; Diabetes mellitus}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{1--10}},
  publisher    = {{BioMed Central (BMC)}},
  series       = {{BMC Psychiatry}},
  title        = {{Depression differed by midnight cortisol secretion, alexithymia and anxiety between diabetes types : A cross sectional comparison}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1495-8}},
  doi          = {{10.1186/s12888-017-1495-8}},
  volume       = {{17}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}