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Element cycling in forest soils -modelling the effects of a changing environment

Walse, Charlotta LU (1998) In Reports in ecology and environmental engineering
Abstract
Element cycling and nutrient supply in forest ecosystems are of vital importance for short-term productivity and for longer-term land management in terms of nutrient leaching and CO2 fixation.



This thesis includes a series of studies with the objective of modelling some aspects of the effect of acidification and climate change on element cycling and nutrient supply in forest soil. A reconstruction model of atmospheric deposition and nutrient uptake and cycling, MAKEDEP, was developed. An existing model of soil chemistry, SAFE, was analyzed and applied. SAFE+MAKEDEP were then applied in combination with the RAINS model to perform scenario analyses of soil acidification/recovery for six European forest sites. A... (More)
Element cycling and nutrient supply in forest ecosystems are of vital importance for short-term productivity and for longer-term land management in terms of nutrient leaching and CO2 fixation.



This thesis includes a series of studies with the objective of modelling some aspects of the effect of acidification and climate change on element cycling and nutrient supply in forest soil. A reconstruction model of atmospheric deposition and nutrient uptake and cycling, MAKEDEP, was developed. An existing model of soil chemistry, SAFE, was analyzed and applied. SAFE+MAKEDEP were then applied in combination with the RAINS model to perform scenario analyses of soil acidification/recovery for six European forest sites. A decomposition model intended to run in conjunction with the SAFE model was developed. Key elements were N, Ca, K, Mg, S and Al. In the decomposition model, only carbon release was included to date.



The results show, that understanding the history of soil geochemistry is important for modelling the system and for projecting the future impact of acidification on nutrient supply in forest soils. The applied reconstruction models of acid deposition (MAKEDEP, RAINS) seem to generate reasonable and consistent estimates of historic acid deposition, so that present day conditions can be simulated starting from pre-acidification conditions.



From applications of the SAFE model to large-scale forest manipulation experiments, we conclude that the geochemical processes and the degree of detail in process descriptions included in SAFE are adequate to capture the most important aspects of soil solution dynamics of forest soils in northern and central Europe. Therefore, SAFE is appropriate for the simulation of acidification and recovery scenarios for these soils.



The precision in model prediction on a more general scale is often limited by factors other than model formulation, such as consistency and representativity of input data. It is shown that the physical parameters soil bulk density, volumetric moisture and mineral surface area are especially important for the calculation of weathering rates, and thus soil solution chemistry. Estimates of future non-marine base cation deposition are shown to be less important than previously assumed. A minimum data set required to apply the MAKEDEP+SAFE model package on a regional scale is suggested.



Our results suggest that it in the future will become important to combine climate change modelling with the modelling of soil acidification and/or recovery to adequately reproduce and project nutrient dynamics in soils. The decomposition model presented in this thesis should provide a good platform for such integrated simulations. (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • Dr Wright, Richard, NIVA, Norway
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Kemiteknik och kemisk teknologi, Chemical technology and engineering, soil moisture, decomposition, base cations, weathering, acidification, scenario analysis, Environmental technology, pollution control, Miljöteknik, kontroll av utsläpp
in
Reports in ecology and environmental engineering
pages
195 pages
publisher
Harald Sverdrup, Chemical Engineering II, Lund University
defense location
K:C, Chemical Center, Lund, Sweden
defense date
1998-11-20 10:15:00
external identifiers
  • other:ISRN: LUTKDH/TKKT-3016-SE
ISSN
1104-2877
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: Jönsson* C., Warfvinge, P. and Sverdrup, H. 1995.Uncertainty in predicting weathering rate and environmental stress factors with thePROFILE model.Water, Air and Soil Pollution 81, 1--23. Article: Walse, C., Beier, C., Warfvinge, P. and Rasmussen, L. 1995. Modelling "clean rain" treatments in acidified soils -EXMAN project results.Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85, 1807--1812. Article: Walse, C., Blanck, K., Bredemeier, M., Lamersdorf, N., Warfvinge, P. and Xu, Y.-J. 1998. Application of the SAFE model to the Solling cleanrain roof experiment.Forest, Ecology and Management 101, 307--317. Article: Warfvinge, P., Aherne, J. and Walse, C. 1998. Biogeochemical modelling of EXMAN research sites: A comparison.Forest, Ecology and Management 101, 143--153. Article: Walse, C., Schöpp, W. and Warfvinge, P. 1997.Response of six European forest sites to decided and proposed air pollutant emission reductions.Environmental Pollution 98, 253--267. Article: Alveteg, M., Walse, C. and Warfvinge, P. 1998.Reconstructing historic atmospheric deposition and nutrient uptake from present day values using MAKEDEP.Water, Air and Soil Pollution 104, 269--283. Article: Walse, C., Berg, B. and Sverdrup, H. 1998. Review and synthesis of experimental data on organic matter decomposition with respect to theeffect of temperature, moisture, and acidity.Environmental Review 6 25--40. Article: Walse, C. and McColl, J. 1998. Decomposition of soil organic matter - mechanistic models for CO2 production and N mineralizationdependent on moisture.Manuscript. Article: *Maiden name of Charlotta Walse
id
9d604d40-94f2-460b-bf8c-e395484a5992 (old id 39084)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 17:13:01
date last changed
2023-04-24 13:41:18
@phdthesis{9d604d40-94f2-460b-bf8c-e395484a5992,
  abstract     = {{Element cycling and nutrient supply in forest ecosystems are of vital importance for short-term productivity and for longer-term land management in terms of nutrient leaching and CO2 fixation.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
This thesis includes a series of studies with the objective of modelling some aspects of the effect of acidification and climate change on element cycling and nutrient supply in forest soil. A reconstruction model of atmospheric deposition and nutrient uptake and cycling, MAKEDEP, was developed. An existing model of soil chemistry, SAFE, was analyzed and applied. SAFE+MAKEDEP were then applied in combination with the RAINS model to perform scenario analyses of soil acidification/recovery for six European forest sites. A decomposition model intended to run in conjunction with the SAFE model was developed. Key elements were N, Ca, K, Mg, S and Al. In the decomposition model, only carbon release was included to date.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The results show, that understanding the history of soil geochemistry is important for modelling the system and for projecting the future impact of acidification on nutrient supply in forest soils. The applied reconstruction models of acid deposition (MAKEDEP, RAINS) seem to generate reasonable and consistent estimates of historic acid deposition, so that present day conditions can be simulated starting from pre-acidification conditions.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
From applications of the SAFE model to large-scale forest manipulation experiments, we conclude that the geochemical processes and the degree of detail in process descriptions included in SAFE are adequate to capture the most important aspects of soil solution dynamics of forest soils in northern and central Europe. Therefore, SAFE is appropriate for the simulation of acidification and recovery scenarios for these soils.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The precision in model prediction on a more general scale is often limited by factors other than model formulation, such as consistency and representativity of input data. It is shown that the physical parameters soil bulk density, volumetric moisture and mineral surface area are especially important for the calculation of weathering rates, and thus soil solution chemistry. Estimates of future non-marine base cation deposition are shown to be less important than previously assumed. A minimum data set required to apply the MAKEDEP+SAFE model package on a regional scale is suggested.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Our results suggest that it in the future will become important to combine climate change modelling with the modelling of soil acidification and/or recovery to adequately reproduce and project nutrient dynamics in soils. The decomposition model presented in this thesis should provide a good platform for such integrated simulations.}},
  author       = {{Walse, Charlotta}},
  issn         = {{1104-2877}},
  keywords     = {{Kemiteknik och kemisk teknologi; Chemical technology and engineering; soil moisture; decomposition; base cations; weathering; acidification; scenario analysis; Environmental technology; pollution control; Miljöteknik; kontroll av utsläpp}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Harald Sverdrup, Chemical Engineering II, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Reports in ecology and environmental engineering}},
  title        = {{Element cycling in forest soils -modelling the effects of a changing environment}},
  year         = {{1998}},
}