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Collection, handling and care of cephalopod eggs

Villanueva, Roger ; Darmaillacq, Anne Sophie ; Kuba, Michael J. ; Roumbedakis, Katina ; Nabhitabhata, Jaruwat ; Almansa, Eduardo ; Caamal-Monsreal, Claudia ; Court, Melanie ; Dickel, Ludovic and Durante, Erica D. , et al. (2026) In Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 36. p.1-45
Abstract

Research on cephalopod early ontogeny has significantly advanced in recent decades, including embryo organogenesis and neurogenesis and early behavioural adaptations, particularly in commercially important and coastal species. Within this context, here we compiled current knowledge on the collection, handling and care under experimental conditions and monitoring in the field of cephalopod eggs and egg masses. It covers field observations and egg collection methods, as well as laboratory incubation protocols for eggs maintained with and without maternal care. It is emphasized how abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, salinity, oxygen and maternal condition, shape embryonic development and hatchling survival and viability.... (More)

Research on cephalopod early ontogeny has significantly advanced in recent decades, including embryo organogenesis and neurogenesis and early behavioural adaptations, particularly in commercially important and coastal species. Within this context, here we compiled current knowledge on the collection, handling and care under experimental conditions and monitoring in the field of cephalopod eggs and egg masses. It covers field observations and egg collection methods, as well as laboratory incubation protocols for eggs maintained with and without maternal care. It is emphasized how abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, salinity, oxygen and maternal condition, shape embryonic development and hatchling survival and viability. Monitoring methods for cephalopod egg masses in the wild and the effects of natural threats such as storms and predators are reviewed. Anthropogenic impacts such as pollution, fisheries and climate change are also discussed. Technological advances have enabled finer analysis of neural development as the embryo grows, while ethical considerations regarding embryonic sentience capacity and welfare conditions are becoming central to current experimental designs. Based on current knowledge, it is recommended to apply ethical considerations and the 3Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) for cephalopod embryos following the onset of organogenesis. Thus, a list of potential indicators of health and welfare that could be used for assessing and monitoring cephalopod embryos and hatchlings is proposed. Overall, this synthesis aims to serve as a guide for advancing egg collection and laboratory incubation methodologies, as well as adopting ethical handling protocols to improve cephalopod embryo care and quality.

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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
keywords
Cephalopod embryology, Egg handling techniques, Embryonic development, Ethics in cephalopod research
in
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
volume
36
article number
17
pages
1 - 45
publisher
Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
external identifiers
  • scopus:105024081331
ISSN
0960-3166
DOI
10.1007/s11160-025-10017-0
language
English
LU publication?
no
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.
id
9ee9522a-1f12-49df-a49b-b23b44366d1a
date added to LUP
2025-12-17 09:19:17
date last changed
2025-12-18 03:28:26
@article{9ee9522a-1f12-49df-a49b-b23b44366d1a,
  abstract     = {{<p>Research on cephalopod early ontogeny has significantly advanced in recent decades, including embryo organogenesis and neurogenesis and early behavioural adaptations, particularly in commercially important and coastal species. Within this context, here we compiled current knowledge on the collection, handling and care under experimental conditions and monitoring in the field of cephalopod eggs and egg masses. It covers field observations and egg collection methods, as well as laboratory incubation protocols for eggs maintained with and without maternal care. It is emphasized how abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, salinity, oxygen and maternal condition, shape embryonic development and hatchling survival and viability. Monitoring methods for cephalopod egg masses in the wild and the effects of natural threats such as storms and predators are reviewed. Anthropogenic impacts such as pollution, fisheries and climate change are also discussed. Technological advances have enabled finer analysis of neural development as the embryo grows, while ethical considerations regarding embryonic sentience capacity and welfare conditions are becoming central to current experimental designs. Based on current knowledge, it is recommended to apply ethical considerations and the 3Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) for cephalopod embryos following the onset of organogenesis. Thus, a list of potential indicators of health and welfare that could be used for assessing and monitoring cephalopod embryos and hatchlings is proposed. Overall, this synthesis aims to serve as a guide for advancing egg collection and laboratory incubation methodologies, as well as adopting ethical handling protocols to improve cephalopod embryo care and quality.</p>}},
  author       = {{Villanueva, Roger and Darmaillacq, Anne Sophie and Kuba, Michael J. and Roumbedakis, Katina and Nabhitabhata, Jaruwat and Almansa, Eduardo and Caamal-Monsreal, Claudia and Court, Melanie and Dickel, Ludovic and Durante, Erica D. and Elagoz, Ali M. and Escolar, Oscar and Fernández-Álvarez, Fernando and Galindo-Sánchez, Clara E. and Ganias, Kostas and Gibbons, Connor J. and Goerger, Alice and Gouveneaux, Anaïd and Grasse, Bret and Guerra, Ángel and Jozet-Alves, Christelle and Lacoue-Labarthe, Thomas and Martínez-Yebra, Lucía and Masucci, Giovanni D. and Medeiros, Sylvia L.S. and Minet, Antoine and Nakajima, Ryuta and Nichols, Owen C. and Ortiz, Nicolás and Peyla, James F. and Röckner, Janina L. and Rodríguez-Fuentes, Gabriela and Rosa, Rui and Rosas, Carlos and Tomano, Satoshi and Trueblood, Lloyd A. and Vidal, Erica A.G. and Vilarnau, Diego G. and Voss, Gjendine}},
  issn         = {{0960-3166}},
  keywords     = {{Cephalopod embryology; Egg handling techniques; Embryonic development; Ethics in cephalopod research}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--45}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media B.V.}},
  series       = {{Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries}},
  title        = {{Collection, handling and care of cephalopod eggs}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-025-10017-0}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s11160-025-10017-0}},
  volume       = {{36}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}