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Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Klioner, S.A. ; Lindegren, L. LU orcid ; Hobbs, D. LU orcid ; McMillan, P.J. LU orcid ; Zucker, S. and Zwitter, T. (2022) In Astronomy and Astrophysics 667.
Abstract
Context. Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric... (More)
Context. Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). Results. Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13-21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 μas yr-1 on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but it exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases. Appendices give further details on the external catalogues used, how to extract information about the Gaia-CRF3 sources, potential (Galactic) confusion sources, and the estimation of the spin and orientation of an astrometric solution. © (Less)
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keywords
Astrometry, Catalogs, Proper motions, Quasars: general, Reference systems, Active Galactic Nuclei, Random errors, Stars, Catalog, Celestial reference frame, Data release, Extragalactic sources, Optical-, Proper motion, Quasars:general, Quasi-stellar objects, Systematic errors
in
Astronomy and Astrophysics
volume
667
article number
A148
publisher
EDP Sciences
external identifiers
  • scopus:85144804266
ISSN
0004-6361
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202243483
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
a064e405-9aba-48a6-b77b-9083b8c97f03
date added to LUP
2024-01-23 09:39:30
date last changed
2024-01-23 09:39:30
@article{a064e405-9aba-48a6-b77b-9083b8c97f03,
  abstract     = {{Context. Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). Results. Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13-21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 μas yr-1 on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but it exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases. Appendices give further details on the external catalogues used, how to extract information about the Gaia-CRF3 sources, potential (Galactic) confusion sources, and the estimation of the spin and orientation of an astrometric solution.  ©}},
  author       = {{Klioner, S.A. and Lindegren, L. and Hobbs, D. and McMillan, P.J. and Zucker, S. and Zwitter, T.}},
  issn         = {{0004-6361}},
  keywords     = {{Astrometry; Catalogs; Proper motions; Quasars: general; Reference systems; Active Galactic Nuclei; Random errors; Stars; Catalog; Celestial reference frame; Data release; Extragalactic sources; Optical-; Proper motion; Quasars:general; Quasi-stellar objects; Systematic errors}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  series       = {{Astronomy and Astrophysics}},
  title        = {{Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243483}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/0004-6361/202243483}},
  volume       = {{667}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}