Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries
Abdiyev, Kaldibek ; Azat, Seitkhan ; Kuldeyev, Erzhan ; Ybyraiymkul, Darkhan ; Kabdrakhmanova, Sana ; Berndtsson, Ronny LU
; Khalkhabai, Bostandyk
; Kabdrakhmanova, Ainur
and Sultakhan, Shynggyskhan
(2023)
In Water (Switzerland)
15(11).
- Abstract
Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent worldwide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is to promote the use of slow sand filters. This review shows that slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in rural communities not served by a central water supply. Probably, the most important aspect of SSF for developing and less-developed countries is its function as a biological filter. WASH problems mainly relate to the spread of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The surface and shallow groundwater in developing countries around urban areas and settlements are often... (More)
Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent worldwide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is to promote the use of slow sand filters. This review shows that slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in rural communities not served by a central water supply. Probably, the most important aspect of SSF for developing and less-developed countries is its function as a biological filter. WASH problems mainly relate to the spread of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The surface and shallow groundwater in developing countries around urban areas and settlements are often polluted by domestic wastewater containing these microbes and nutrients. Thus, SSF’s function is to treat raw water in the form of diluted wastewater where high temperature and access to nutrients probably mean a high growth rate of microbes and algae but probably also high predation and high efficiency of the SSF. However, factors that may adversely affect the removal of microbiological constituents are mainly low temperature, high and intermittent flow rates, reduced sand depth, filter immaturity, and various filter amendments. Further research is thus needed in these areas, specifically for developing countries.
(Less)
- author
- Abdiyev, Kaldibek
; Azat, Seitkhan
; Kuldeyev, Erzhan
; Ybyraiymkul, Darkhan
; Kabdrakhmanova, Sana
; Berndtsson, Ronny
LU
; Khalkhabai, Bostandyk
; Kabdrakhmanova, Ainur
and Sultakhan, Shynggyskhan
- organization
- publishing date
- 2023-06
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- developing countries, microbes, safe drinking water, slow sand filtration, turbidity
- in
- Water (Switzerland)
- volume
- 15
- issue
- 11
- article number
- 2007
- pages
- 22 pages
- publisher
- MDPI AG
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85161893423
- ISSN
- 2073-4441
- DOI
- 10.3390/w15112007
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- Funding Information: This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (program number BR11765599). Program title “Development and improvement of natural water purification technologies and improvement of drinking water quality in the regions of Kazakhstan”. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
- id
- a0fee167-f690-4ab5-8de1-7beeca80798d
- date added to LUP
- 2023-08-17 14:58:00
- date last changed
- 2023-11-22 21:26:28
@article{a0fee167-f690-4ab5-8de1-7beeca80798d,
abstract = {{<p>Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent worldwide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is to promote the use of slow sand filters. This review shows that slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in rural communities not served by a central water supply. Probably, the most important aspect of SSF for developing and less-developed countries is its function as a biological filter. WASH problems mainly relate to the spread of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The surface and shallow groundwater in developing countries around urban areas and settlements are often polluted by domestic wastewater containing these microbes and nutrients. Thus, SSF’s function is to treat raw water in the form of diluted wastewater where high temperature and access to nutrients probably mean a high growth rate of microbes and algae but probably also high predation and high efficiency of the SSF. However, factors that may adversely affect the removal of microbiological constituents are mainly low temperature, high and intermittent flow rates, reduced sand depth, filter immaturity, and various filter amendments. Further research is thus needed in these areas, specifically for developing countries.</p>}},
author = {{Abdiyev, Kaldibek and Azat, Seitkhan and Kuldeyev, Erzhan and Ybyraiymkul, Darkhan and Kabdrakhmanova, Sana and Berndtsson, Ronny and Khalkhabai, Bostandyk and Kabdrakhmanova, Ainur and Sultakhan, Shynggyskhan}},
issn = {{2073-4441}},
keywords = {{developing countries; microbes; safe drinking water; slow sand filtration; turbidity}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{11}},
publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
series = {{Water (Switzerland)}},
title = {{Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15112007}},
doi = {{10.3390/w15112007}},
volume = {{15}},
year = {{2023}},
}