Bikini textile contact dermatitis : A Sherlockian approach revealing 2.4-dichlorophenol as a potential textile contact allergen
(2021) In Contact Dermatitis 85(6). p.679-685- Abstract
Background: Different textile constituents may act as allergens and/or irritants and provoke textile contact dermatitis (TCD). Objectives: To report a case of TCD caused by ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2.4-dichlorophenol, present in a bikini. Methods: A woman presented with an eczematous, pruritic rash in the area of the bikini straps and back. Patch testing was performed with the European baseline, textile, sunscreen, and photo-patch series, the bikini “as is”, and ethanol and acetone extracts of the bikini. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis were used to elucidate the culprit agents. Results: Positive reactions were found to the bikini “as is” and to the... (More)
Background: Different textile constituents may act as allergens and/or irritants and provoke textile contact dermatitis (TCD). Objectives: To report a case of TCD caused by ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2.4-dichlorophenol, present in a bikini. Methods: A woman presented with an eczematous, pruritic rash in the area of the bikini straps and back. Patch testing was performed with the European baseline, textile, sunscreen, and photo-patch series, the bikini “as is”, and ethanol and acetone extracts of the bikini. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis were used to elucidate the culprit agents. Results: Positive reactions were found to the bikini “as is” and to the ethanol and acetone extracts. Patch testing with TLC strips showed a strong reaction to spots-fractions 3 and 4. GC–MS was performed to identify substances in each fraction and those suspected to be skin sensitisers were patch tested. On day (D) 4 positive reactions to ethylene glycol monododecyl ether (irritant reaction) and 2.4-dichlorophenol (++) were observed. Conclusion: A myriad of chemical compounds can be found in clothing. Ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2.4-dichlorophenol were identified as the potential culprits of this bikini TCD. Highlights: We have combined chemical analyses (thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) to study a case of textile contact dermatitis. As such, the presence of a myriad of chemical compounds was found in a bikini, suggesting that clothing in general may become impregnated or contaminated by a wide range of external substances that may be harmful to the skin. Textile contact dermatitis could in this case be attributed to ethylene glycol monododecyl ether (CAS No. 4536-30-5) and 2.4-dichlorophenol (CAS No. 120-83-2), the latter not yet previously described as a textile contact allergen.
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- author
- Pesqué, David ; March-Rodriguez, Álvaro ; Dahlin, Jakob LU ; Isaksson, Marléne LU ; Pujol, Ramon M. ; Giménez-Arnau, Elena and Giménez-Arnau, Ana M.
- organization
- publishing date
- 2021
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- 2.4-dichlorophenol, allergic contact dermatitis, ethylene glycol monododecyl ether, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, irritant contact dermatitis, patch test, textile contact dermatitis, thin-layer chromatography
- in
- Contact Dermatitis
- volume
- 85
- issue
- 6
- pages
- 679 - 685
- publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:34291473
- scopus:85111743496
- ISSN
- 0105-1873
- DOI
- 10.1111/cod.13946
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- a297d549-0b00-46f1-bf43-1e41f2826a22
- date added to LUP
- 2021-08-30 15:01:28
- date last changed
- 2024-09-22 00:19:36
@article{a297d549-0b00-46f1-bf43-1e41f2826a22, abstract = {{<p>Background: Different textile constituents may act as allergens and/or irritants and provoke textile contact dermatitis (TCD). Objectives: To report a case of TCD caused by ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2.4-dichlorophenol, present in a bikini. Methods: A woman presented with an eczematous, pruritic rash in the area of the bikini straps and back. Patch testing was performed with the European baseline, textile, sunscreen, and photo-patch series, the bikini “as is”, and ethanol and acetone extracts of the bikini. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis were used to elucidate the culprit agents. Results: Positive reactions were found to the bikini “as is” and to the ethanol and acetone extracts. Patch testing with TLC strips showed a strong reaction to spots-fractions 3 and 4. GC–MS was performed to identify substances in each fraction and those suspected to be skin sensitisers were patch tested. On day (D) 4 positive reactions to ethylene glycol monododecyl ether (irritant reaction) and 2.4-dichlorophenol (++) were observed. Conclusion: A myriad of chemical compounds can be found in clothing. Ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2.4-dichlorophenol were identified as the potential culprits of this bikini TCD. Highlights: We have combined chemical analyses (thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) to study a case of textile contact dermatitis. As such, the presence of a myriad of chemical compounds was found in a bikini, suggesting that clothing in general may become impregnated or contaminated by a wide range of external substances that may be harmful to the skin. Textile contact dermatitis could in this case be attributed to ethylene glycol monododecyl ether (CAS No. 4536-30-5) and 2.4-dichlorophenol (CAS No. 120-83-2), the latter not yet previously described as a textile contact allergen.</p>}}, author = {{Pesqué, David and March-Rodriguez, Álvaro and Dahlin, Jakob and Isaksson, Marléne and Pujol, Ramon M. and Giménez-Arnau, Elena and Giménez-Arnau, Ana M.}}, issn = {{0105-1873}}, keywords = {{2.4-dichlorophenol; allergic contact dermatitis; ethylene glycol monododecyl ether; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; irritant contact dermatitis; patch test; textile contact dermatitis; thin-layer chromatography}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{679--685}}, publisher = {{Wiley-Blackwell}}, series = {{Contact Dermatitis}}, title = {{Bikini textile contact dermatitis : A Sherlockian approach revealing 2.4-dichlorophenol as a potential textile contact allergen}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.13946}}, doi = {{10.1111/cod.13946}}, volume = {{85}}, year = {{2021}}, }