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Variabilities and trends of rainfall, temperature, and river flow in sipi sub-catchment on the slopes of mt. Elgon, uganda

Luwa, Justine Kilama LU ; Majaliwa, Jackson Gilbert Mwanjalolo ; Bamutaze, Yazidhi ; Kabenge, Isa ; Pilesjo, Petter LU ; Oriangi, George LU and Mukengere, Espoir Bagula (2021) In Water 13(13).
Abstract

The variabilities in rainfall and temperature in a catchment affect water availability and sustainability. This study assessed the variabilities in rainfall and temperature (1981–2015) and river flow (1998–2015) in the Sipi sub-catchment on annual and seasonal scales. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data for Buginyanya and Kapchorwa weather stations were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), while the daily river-flow data for Sipi were obtained from the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). The study used descriptive statistics, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Mann–Kendall trend analysis, and Sen’s slope estimator. Results indicate a high coefficient of variation (CV) (CV > 30) for... (More)

The variabilities in rainfall and temperature in a catchment affect water availability and sustainability. This study assessed the variabilities in rainfall and temperature (1981–2015) and river flow (1998–2015) in the Sipi sub-catchment on annual and seasonal scales. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data for Buginyanya and Kapchorwa weather stations were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), while the daily river-flow data for Sipi were obtained from the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). The study used descriptive statistics, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Mann–Kendall trend analysis, and Sen’s slope estimator. Results indicate a high coefficient of variation (CV) (CV > 30) for August, September, October, and November (ASON) seasonal rainfall, while annual rainfall had a moderate coefficient of variation (20 ˂ CV ˂ 30). The trend analysis shows that ASON minimum and mean temperatures increased at α = 0.001 and α = 0.05 levels of significance respectively in both stations and over the entire catch-ment. Furthermore, annual and March, April, and May (MAM) river flows increased at an α = 0.05 level of significance. A total of 14 extremely wet and dry events occurred in the sub-catchment during the post-2000 period, as compared to five in the pre-2000. The significant increased trend of river flow could be attributed to the impacts of climate and land-use changes. Therefore, future studies may need to quantify the impacts of future climate and land-use changes on water resources in the sub-catchment.

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author
; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Annual and seasonal scales, Extremely wet and dry, Mt. Elgon, Uganda, Variabilities, Water resources
in
Water
volume
13
issue
13
article number
1834
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85109855798
ISSN
2073-4441
DOI
10.3390/w13131834
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
a59d9720-638b-4cda-b88d-a08626c14ae4
date added to LUP
2022-01-13 11:43:50
date last changed
2023-10-11 08:48:52
@article{a59d9720-638b-4cda-b88d-a08626c14ae4,
  abstract     = {{<p>The variabilities in rainfall and temperature in a catchment affect water availability and sustainability. This study assessed the variabilities in rainfall and temperature (1981–2015) and river flow (1998–2015) in the Sipi sub-catchment on annual and seasonal scales. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data for Buginyanya and Kapchorwa weather stations were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), while the daily river-flow data for Sipi were obtained from the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). The study used descriptive statistics, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Mann–Kendall trend analysis, and Sen’s slope estimator. Results indicate a high coefficient of variation (CV) (CV &gt; 30) for August, September, October, and November (ASON) seasonal rainfall, while annual rainfall had a moderate coefficient of variation (20 ˂ CV ˂ 30). The trend analysis shows that ASON minimum and mean temperatures increased at α = 0.001 and α = 0.05 levels of significance respectively in both stations and over the entire catch-ment. Furthermore, annual and March, April, and May (MAM) river flows increased at an α = 0.05 level of significance. A total of 14 extremely wet and dry events occurred in the sub-catchment during the post-2000 period, as compared to five in the pre-2000. The significant increased trend of river flow could be attributed to the impacts of climate and land-use changes. Therefore, future studies may need to quantify the impacts of future climate and land-use changes on water resources in the sub-catchment.</p>}},
  author       = {{Luwa, Justine Kilama and Majaliwa, Jackson Gilbert Mwanjalolo and Bamutaze, Yazidhi and Kabenge, Isa and Pilesjo, Petter and Oriangi, George and Mukengere, Espoir Bagula}},
  issn         = {{2073-4441}},
  keywords     = {{Annual and seasonal scales; Extremely wet and dry; Mt. Elgon; Uganda; Variabilities; Water resources}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{13}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Water}},
  title        = {{Variabilities and trends of rainfall, temperature, and river flow in sipi sub-catchment on the slopes of mt. Elgon, uganda}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131834}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/w13131834}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}