Development and function of specified thymic iNKT1 cells critically depend on an Ets1-Tbet transcription factor axis
(2026) In Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 215(3).- Abstract
Invariant natural killer T 1 (iNKT1) cells are prototypic interferon γ-producing, innate-like T lymphocytes that play crucial roles in protection against pathogen infection and cancer. In the thymus, where these cells develop, iNKT cells contribute to the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell tolerance. Although the transcriptional programs guiding iNKT cell specification are well characterized, the mechanisms directing their subsequent maturation and tissue-associated effector functions remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor Ets1 is essential for the maintenance of thymic iNKT1 cells and for their differentiation into a CD103+ transforming growth factor β1-dependent, tissue-resident... (More)
Invariant natural killer T 1 (iNKT1) cells are prototypic interferon γ-producing, innate-like T lymphocytes that play crucial roles in protection against pathogen infection and cancer. In the thymus, where these cells develop, iNKT cells contribute to the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell tolerance. Although the transcriptional programs guiding iNKT cell specification are well characterized, the mechanisms directing their subsequent maturation and tissue-associated effector functions remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor Ets1 is essential for the maintenance of thymic iNKT1 cells and for their differentiation into a CD103+ transforming growth factor β1-dependent, tissue-resident phenotype, in addition to playing a critical role in maintaining iNKT1 effector function in the liver and spleen. Mechanistically, Ets1 limits the expression of CD8 effector T cell-associated genes and restricts the induction of the transcription factor Tbet. Elevated Tbet expression partially rescues thymic iNKT1 cell numbers in the absence of Ets1 but shifts their differentiation toward a migratory, CD103- pathway. In peripheral tissues, elevated Tbet expression failed to overcome the requirement for Ets1 in activation-induced interferon γ-production but instead drove increased cytotoxic effector protein expression. Our findings establish Ets1 as a central regulator of iNKT1 cell homeostasis, enforcing a tissue-resident identity in the thymus and supporting context-appropriate effector function.
(Less)
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2026-03
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- development, effector function, iNKT cell, transcription
- in
- Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
- volume
- 215
- issue
- 3
- publisher
- American Association of Immunologists
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:41847852
- scopus:105033752073
- ISSN
- 1550-6606
- DOI
- 10.1093/jimmun/vkag024
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- a660bd40-89da-42fb-a5d9-29e29bc26135
- date added to LUP
- 2026-05-07 14:10:19
- date last changed
- 2026-05-08 03:00:03
@article{a660bd40-89da-42fb-a5d9-29e29bc26135,
abstract = {{<p>Invariant natural killer T 1 (iNKT1) cells are prototypic interferon γ-producing, innate-like T lymphocytes that play crucial roles in protection against pathogen infection and cancer. In the thymus, where these cells develop, iNKT cells contribute to the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell tolerance. Although the transcriptional programs guiding iNKT cell specification are well characterized, the mechanisms directing their subsequent maturation and tissue-associated effector functions remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor Ets1 is essential for the maintenance of thymic iNKT1 cells and for their differentiation into a CD103+ transforming growth factor β1-dependent, tissue-resident phenotype, in addition to playing a critical role in maintaining iNKT1 effector function in the liver and spleen. Mechanistically, Ets1 limits the expression of CD8 effector T cell-associated genes and restricts the induction of the transcription factor Tbet. Elevated Tbet expression partially rescues thymic iNKT1 cell numbers in the absence of Ets1 but shifts their differentiation toward a migratory, CD103- pathway. In peripheral tissues, elevated Tbet expression failed to overcome the requirement for Ets1 in activation-induced interferon γ-production but instead drove increased cytotoxic effector protein expression. Our findings establish Ets1 as a central regulator of iNKT1 cell homeostasis, enforcing a tissue-resident identity in the thymus and supporting context-appropriate effector function.</p>}},
author = {{Morgan, Roy C. and Frank, Cameron and Li, Lu and Moos, Ezra and Attaway, Mary and Melanson, Randy A. and Gioulbasani, Marianthi and Li, Sophia and Bolonduro, Olubusayo and Koh, Andrew and Sigvardsson, Mikael and Bartom, Elizabeth T. and Kee, Barbara L.}},
issn = {{1550-6606}},
keywords = {{development; effector function; iNKT cell; transcription}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{3}},
publisher = {{American Association of Immunologists}},
series = {{Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)}},
title = {{Development and function of specified thymic iNKT1 cells critically depend on an Ets1-Tbet transcription factor axis}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag024}},
doi = {{10.1093/jimmun/vkag024}},
volume = {{215}},
year = {{2026}},
}