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Iscensatt inkludering. : Gemenskap som mål och utmaning på socionomutbildningen

Heule, Cecilia LU (2021) In Lund dissertations in social work 63
Abstract
Conflicts between different social groups and people's prejudices have interested social science researchers for a long time. Many have also sought answers to the question of what can be done to bridge and reduce these gaps, divisions and prejudices. This dissertation relates to these discussions and the research process has taken place in several stages. First, an experimental practice has been developed to enable community between different groups within the framework of social work education. The so-called mobilization courses have since continuously meant a common learning situation for teachers, social work students and for students who have been recruited from different service user organizations. The purpose of the study is to... (More)
Conflicts between different social groups and people's prejudices have interested social science researchers for a long time. Many have also sought answers to the question of what can be done to bridge and reduce these gaps, divisions and prejudices. This dissertation relates to these discussions and the research process has taken place in several stages. First, an experimental practice has been developed to enable community between different groups within the framework of social work education. The so-called mobilization courses have since continuously meant a common learning situation for teachers, social work students and for students who have been recruited from different service user organizations. The purpose of the study is to investigate what benefits or prevents community among students from different backgrounds when new conditions are created at the university. The study is based on the participants' narratives which are analyzed with the help of the theoretical perspectives on social interaction by Erving Goffman, Gordon Allport, Emanuel Levinas and Martin Buber.
During each course there are opportunities to observe processes that involve experiences of increasing community, as well as processes characterized by rejection, gaps or boundary reinforcement. The categorization that takes place when recruiting for the mobilization course is the starting point towards a goal to later deconstruct this division. The invitation to be a part of a transcending community is made through recategorization into a common ingroup, which is made possible by the creation of the inclusive platform.
It has become apparent that, in order for community and gap-mending to take place, the decategorizing methods have been necessary. The change that many describe as an expression of increased community is characterized by the fact that one's own role identity to a greater extent is created in interaction with the other students. This often occurs during a risk-taking that is reflected by positive feedback by others. This requires the display of more personal and sensitive experiences. As this might challenge earlier, more individualistic strategies, there is a search for new approaches and common goals. It appears that vulnerability is perceived as a major risk-taking, and the social work students have expressed concern about being affected by the stigma of making their human weakness visible and being categorized as someone who has suffered human problems. The risk of stigma is thus a threat that both the ingroup (social work students) and the outgroup (commission students) relate to.
When an identity based on individual performance is changed into a relationship-based identity it entails a certain loss of control. At the same time, the participants become less interchangeable in relation to each other, since it is in community with others that they grow and develop. The study shows that the change towards community is not forever permanent, but students tend to oscillate between different interaction patterns during the course. It also shows that students are taking their own initiatives and developing new strategies to encourage a more relationship-oriented environment. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Konflikter mellan olika samhällsgrupper och människors fördomar har länge intresserat samhällsvetenskapliga forskare. Många har också sökt svar på frågan om vad som kan göras för att överbrygga och minska dessa klyftor, splittringar och fördomar. Denna avhandling relaterar till denna diskussion och forskningsprocessen har ägt rum i flera steg. Först har en experimentell praxis utvecklats för att möjliggöra gemenskap mellan olika grupper inom ramen för utbildningen i socialt arbete. De så kallade mobiliseringskurserna har sedan kontinuerligt inneburit en gemensam inlärningssituation för lärare, socialarbetare och för studenter som rekryterats från olika brukarorganisationer. Studien bygger på deltagarnas berättelser. Syftet med studien är... (More)
Konflikter mellan olika samhällsgrupper och människors fördomar har länge intresserat samhällsvetenskapliga forskare. Många har också sökt svar på frågan om vad som kan göras för att överbrygga och minska dessa klyftor, splittringar och fördomar. Denna avhandling relaterar till denna diskussion och forskningsprocessen har ägt rum i flera steg. Först har en experimentell praxis utvecklats för att möjliggöra gemenskap mellan olika grupper inom ramen för utbildningen i socialt arbete. De så kallade mobiliseringskurserna har sedan kontinuerligt inneburit en gemensam inlärningssituation för lärare, socialarbetare och för studenter som rekryterats från olika brukarorganisationer. Studien bygger på deltagarnas berättelser. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad som gynnar eller förhindrar gemenskap bland studenter från olika bakgrunder när nya utbildningsförutsättningar skapas.

Under varje kurs finns möjligheter att observera processer som innebär upplevelser av ökad gemenskap, liksom processer som präglas av avståndstagande eller gränsmarkering. Den kategorisering som sker vid rekrytering till mobiliseringskursen utgör en utgångspunkt i ett arbete som har ambitionen att senare dekonstruera denna uppdelning. Inbjudan till en gränsöverskridande gemenskap görs genom om-kategorisering, vilket möjliggörs genom skapandet av den inkluderande plattformen. Det har visat sig, att för att gemenskap och gränsöverskridande ska ske, har de dekategoriserande inslagen varit nödvändiga.

Studien visar hur studenterna från brukarorganisationer ofta präglas av upplevelser av stigmatisering från omgivningen. Detta föranleder dem i flera fall att förstärka stigmat genom intrycksstyrning, särskilt i början av kontakterna, men även återkommande som en form av försvar eller skydd mot besvikelser. I socionomstudenternas reflektioner har det påvisats att ett gränsöverskridande i form av visad sårbarhet upplevs som ett stort risktagande, och även de har uttryckt en oro för att drabbas av den stigmatisering som det innebär att synliggöra sin mänskliga svaghet och att kategoriseras som någon som har drabbats av sociala problem. Risk för stigmatisering är alltså ett hot som både ingruppen (socionomstudenterna) och utgruppen (uppdragsstudenterna) förhåller sig till. Den får utgruppen att markera avstånd och försvar, och samma risk får inledningsvis socionomstudenter att profilera sig som yrkesföreträdare, eller akademiker, och den gör dem benägna att dölja sina egna upplevelser av svårigheter och sårbarhet.

Den förändring som många beskriver som ett uttryck för ökad gemenskap kännetecknas av att den egna rollidentiteten i större utsträckning skapas i samspel med de andra studenterna. Studenterna beskriver ganska tydligt hur ökad gemenskap uppnås stegvis. Det kan börja med en vilja att nå fram, att få kontakt eller att spegla sig med någon som tillhör det som ursprungligen har uppfattats som en annan kategori än den man själv tillhör. För att lyckas med detta tycks andra strategier än gängse kommunikationssätt mellan dem som tillhör samma kategori krävas. Trevande sänker deltagarna sitt försvar och lyssnar in de andra för att söka nya och gemensamma nämnare, snarare än att markera skillnader. Detta kräver ett aktivt val att distansera sig från den tidigare uppfattade rollen som exempelvis (blivande) socionom, eller (före detta) brukare i det sociala arbetet. Denna rolldistansering gör individen sårbar, och det tycks i hög utsträckning vara denna sårbarhet som väcker tillit i kommunikation med den andre. Jag tolkar det som att en konsekvens av denna spegling är att den uppenbarar tidigare ej uppmärksammade eller dolda sidor hos den egna personen. Den påverkar således studenternas självbild. Oavsett vad studenternas tidigare upplevelser består av tycks den uppvisade sårbarheten öka deras förmåga att spegla sig i andra. Denna spegling innebär en gränsöverskridande kontakt som innebär ömsesidig och oförutsägbar kommunikation. Studien visar att förändringen mot gemenskap inte är permanent, utan att studenterna tenderar att pendla mellan olika interaktionsmönster under kursen. Det visar också att studenterna tar egna initiativ och utvecklar nya strategier för att uppmuntra en mer relationsorienterad miljö. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Slettebø, Tor, VID Specialized University
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Social work education, outgroup, community, intergroup contact, gap-mending, boundaries, mobilization course, categorization, recategorization, decategorization, prejudice, service user organization, ingroup
in
Lund dissertations in social work 63
edition
1
pages
217 pages
publisher
Lund University
defense location
Socialhögskolans auditorium/SH128 (Allhelgona kyrkogata 8, Lund) and online via Zoom: https://lu-se.zoom.us/j/63330489163?pwd=RU1SL1FzSWxSbHZwMWxEUVVBM3lIQT09 Passcode: 2021
defense date
2021-10-01 10:15:00
ISSN
1650-3872
ISBN
978-91-89604-70-4
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
a8188477-31f3-4654-8320-ad673b1e6634
date added to LUP
2021-09-07 10:16:32
date last changed
2021-09-24 16:01:14
@phdthesis{a8188477-31f3-4654-8320-ad673b1e6634,
  abstract     = {{Conflicts between different social groups and people's prejudices have interested social science researchers for a long time. Many have also sought answers to the question of what can be done to bridge and reduce these gaps, divisions and prejudices. This dissertation relates to these discussions and the research process has taken place in several stages. First, an experimental practice has been developed to enable community between different groups within the framework of social work education. The so-called mobilization courses have since continuously meant a common learning situation for teachers, social work students and for students who have been recruited from different service user organizations. The purpose of the study is to investigate what benefits or prevents community among students from different backgrounds when new conditions are created at the university. The study is based on the participants' narratives which are analyzed with the help of the theoretical perspectives on social interaction by Erving Goffman, Gordon Allport, Emanuel Levinas and Martin Buber.<br/>During each course there are opportunities to observe processes that involve experiences of increasing community, as well as processes characterized by rejection, gaps or boundary reinforcement. The categorization that takes place when recruiting for the mobilization course is the starting point towards a goal to later deconstruct this division. The invitation to be a part of a transcending community is made through recategorization into a common ingroup, which is made possible by the creation of the inclusive platform.<br/>It has become apparent that, in order for community and gap-mending to take place, the decategorizing methods have been necessary. The change that many describe as an expression of increased community is characterized by the fact that one's own role identity to a greater extent is created in interaction with the other students. This often occurs during a risk-taking that is reflected by positive feedback by others. This requires the display of more personal and sensitive experiences. As this might challenge earlier, more individualistic strategies, there is a search for new approaches and common goals. It appears that vulnerability is perceived as a major risk-taking, and the social work students have expressed concern about being affected by the stigma of making their human weakness visible and being categorized as someone who has suffered human problems. The risk of stigma is thus a threat that both the ingroup (social work students) and the outgroup (commission students) relate to.<br/>When an identity based on individual performance is changed into a relationship-based identity it entails a certain loss of control. At the same time, the participants become less interchangeable in relation to each other, since it is in community with others that they grow and develop. The study shows that the change towards community is not forever permanent, but students tend to oscillate between different interaction patterns during the course. It also shows that students are taking their own initiatives and developing new strategies to encourage a more relationship-oriented environment.}},
  author       = {{Heule, Cecilia}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-89604-70-4}},
  issn         = {{1650-3872}},
  keywords     = {{Social work education; outgroup; community; intergroup contact; gap-mending; boundaries; mobilization course; categorization; recategorization; decategorization; prejudice; service user organization; ingroup}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  month        = {{09}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund dissertations in social work 63}},
  title        = {{Iscensatt inkludering. : Gemenskap som mål och utmaning på socionomutbildningen}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/102204295/Cecilia_Heule_avhandling.pdf}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}