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Sleep-Related Cognitive Processes and the Incidence of Insomnia Over Time : Does Anxiety and Depression Impact the Relationship?

Norell-Clarke, Annika ; Hagström, Mikael and Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus (2021) In Frontiers in Psychology 12.
Abstract

Aim: According to the Cognitive Model of Insomnia, engaging in sleep-related cognitive processes may lead to sleep problems over time. The aim was to examine associations between five sleep-related cognitive processes and the incidence of insomnia, and to investigate if baseline anxiety and depression influence the associations. Methods: Two thousand three hundred and thirty-three participants completed surveys on nighttime and daytime symptoms, depression, anxiety, and cognitive processes at baseline and 6 months after the first assessment. Only those without insomnia at baseline were studied. Participants were categorized as having or not having incident insomnia at the next time point. Baseline anxiety and depression were tested as... (More)

Aim: According to the Cognitive Model of Insomnia, engaging in sleep-related cognitive processes may lead to sleep problems over time. The aim was to examine associations between five sleep-related cognitive processes and the incidence of insomnia, and to investigate if baseline anxiety and depression influence the associations. Methods: Two thousand three hundred and thirty-three participants completed surveys on nighttime and daytime symptoms, depression, anxiety, and cognitive processes at baseline and 6 months after the first assessment. Only those without insomnia at baseline were studied. Participants were categorized as having or not having incident insomnia at the next time point. Baseline anxiety and depression were tested as moderators. Results: Three cognitive processes predicted incident insomnia later on. Specifically, more safety behaviors and somatic arousal at Time 1 increased the risk of developing insomnia. When investigating changes in the cognitive processes over time, reporting an increase of worry and safety behaviors also predicted incident insomnia. Depressive symptoms moderated the association between changes in worry and incident insomnia. Conclusion: These findings provide partial support for the hypothesis that cognitive processes are associated with incident insomnia. In particular, safety behaviors, somatic arousal, and worry increase the risk for incident insomnia. Preventative interventions and future research are discussed.

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author
; and
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
anxiety, arousal, depression, epidemiology, incidence, insomnia, safety behaviors, worry
in
Frontiers in Psychology
volume
12
article number
677538
publisher
Frontiers Media S. A.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85109065242
  • pmid:34234716
ISSN
1664-1078
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677538
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
a82afaba-38a1-482f-a11a-62de5ea2d276
date added to LUP
2021-08-16 16:55:16
date last changed
2024-06-15 14:30:46
@article{a82afaba-38a1-482f-a11a-62de5ea2d276,
  abstract     = {{<p>Aim: According to the Cognitive Model of Insomnia, engaging in sleep-related cognitive processes may lead to sleep problems over time. The aim was to examine associations between five sleep-related cognitive processes and the incidence of insomnia, and to investigate if baseline anxiety and depression influence the associations. Methods: Two thousand three hundred and thirty-three participants completed surveys on nighttime and daytime symptoms, depression, anxiety, and cognitive processes at baseline and 6 months after the first assessment. Only those without insomnia at baseline were studied. Participants were categorized as having or not having incident insomnia at the next time point. Baseline anxiety and depression were tested as moderators. Results: Three cognitive processes predicted incident insomnia later on. Specifically, more safety behaviors and somatic arousal at Time 1 increased the risk of developing insomnia. When investigating changes in the cognitive processes over time, reporting an increase of worry and safety behaviors also predicted incident insomnia. Depressive symptoms moderated the association between changes in worry and incident insomnia. Conclusion: These findings provide partial support for the hypothesis that cognitive processes are associated with incident insomnia. In particular, safety behaviors, somatic arousal, and worry increase the risk for incident insomnia. Preventative interventions and future research are discussed.</p>}},
  author       = {{Norell-Clarke, Annika and Hagström, Mikael and Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus}},
  issn         = {{1664-1078}},
  keywords     = {{anxiety; arousal; depression; epidemiology; incidence; insomnia; safety behaviors; worry}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media S. A.}},
  series       = {{Frontiers in Psychology}},
  title        = {{Sleep-Related Cognitive Processes and the Incidence of Insomnia Over Time : Does Anxiety and Depression Impact the Relationship?}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677538}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/fpsyg.2021.677538}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}