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The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. V. Satellite Galaxy Populations in a Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation of a Milky Way-Mass Halo

Jung, Minyong ; Roca-Fàbrega, Santi LU orcid ; Kim, Ji-Hoon ; Genina, Anna ; Hausammann, Loic ; Kim, Hyeonyong ; Lupi, Alessandro ; Nagamine, Kentaro ; Powell, Johnny W. and Revaz, Yves , et al. (2024) In Astrophysical Journal 964(2).
Abstract

We analyze and compare the satellite halo populations at z ∼ 2 in the high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations of a 1012 M ⊙ target halo (z = 0 mass) carried out on eight widely used astrophysical simulation codes (Art-I, Enzo, Ramses, Changa, Gadget-3, Gear, Arepo-t, and Gizmo) for the AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. We use slightly different redshift epochs near z = 2 for each code (hereafter “z ∼ 2”) at which the eight simulations are in the same stage in the target halo’s merger history. After identifying the matched pairs of halos between the CosmoRun simulations and the DMO simulations, we discover that each CosmoRun halo tends to be less massive than its DMO counterpart.... (More)

We analyze and compare the satellite halo populations at z ∼ 2 in the high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations of a 1012 M ⊙ target halo (z = 0 mass) carried out on eight widely used astrophysical simulation codes (Art-I, Enzo, Ramses, Changa, Gadget-3, Gear, Arepo-t, and Gizmo) for the AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. We use slightly different redshift epochs near z = 2 for each code (hereafter “z ∼ 2”) at which the eight simulations are in the same stage in the target halo’s merger history. After identifying the matched pairs of halos between the CosmoRun simulations and the DMO simulations, we discover that each CosmoRun halo tends to be less massive than its DMO counterpart. When we consider only the halos containing stellar particles at z ∼ 2, the number of satellite galaxies is significantly fewer than that of dark matter halos in all participating AGORA simulations and is comparable to the number of present-day satellites near the Milky Way or M31. The so-called “missing satellite problem” is fully resolved across all participating codes simply by implementing the common baryonic physics adopted in AGORA and the stellar feedback prescription commonly used in each code, with sufficient numerical resolution (≲100 proper pc at z = 2). We also compare other properties such as the stellar mass-halo mass relation and the mass-metallicity relation. Our work highlights the value of comparison studies such as AGORA, where outstanding problems in galaxy formation theory are studied simultaneously on multiple numerical platforms.

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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Astrophysical Journal
volume
964
issue
2
article number
123
publisher
American Astronomical Society
external identifiers
  • scopus:85188546556
ISSN
0004-637X
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/ad245b
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
ab18b485-57f8-412e-b7e7-c04b8d48e6a3
date added to LUP
2024-04-19 08:33:57
date last changed
2024-04-19 08:35:23
@article{ab18b485-57f8-412e-b7e7-c04b8d48e6a3,
  abstract     = {{<p>We analyze and compare the satellite halo populations at z ∼ 2 in the high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations of a 10<sup>12</sup> M <sub>⊙</sub> target halo (z = 0 mass) carried out on eight widely used astrophysical simulation codes (Art-I, Enzo, Ramses, Changa, Gadget-3, Gear, Arepo-t, and Gizmo) for the AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. We use slightly different redshift epochs near z = 2 for each code (hereafter “z ∼ 2”) at which the eight simulations are in the same stage in the target halo’s merger history. After identifying the matched pairs of halos between the CosmoRun simulations and the DMO simulations, we discover that each CosmoRun halo tends to be less massive than its DMO counterpart. When we consider only the halos containing stellar particles at z ∼ 2, the number of satellite galaxies is significantly fewer than that of dark matter halos in all participating AGORA simulations and is comparable to the number of present-day satellites near the Milky Way or M31. The so-called “missing satellite problem” is fully resolved across all participating codes simply by implementing the common baryonic physics adopted in AGORA and the stellar feedback prescription commonly used in each code, with sufficient numerical resolution (≲100 proper pc at z = 2). We also compare other properties such as the stellar mass-halo mass relation and the mass-metallicity relation. Our work highlights the value of comparison studies such as AGORA, where outstanding problems in galaxy formation theory are studied simultaneously on multiple numerical platforms.</p>}},
  author       = {{Jung, Minyong and Roca-Fàbrega, Santi and Kim, Ji-Hoon and Genina, Anna and Hausammann, Loic and Kim, Hyeonyong and Lupi, Alessandro and Nagamine, Kentaro and Powell, Johnny W. and Revaz, Yves and Shimizu, Ikkoh and Velázquez, Héctor and Ceverino, Daniel and Primack, Joel R. and Quinn, Thomas R. and Strawn, Clayton and Abel, Tom and Dekel, Avishai and Dong, Bili and Oh, Boon Kiat and Teyssier, Romain}},
  issn         = {{0004-637X}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{04}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{American Astronomical Society}},
  series       = {{Astrophysical Journal}},
  title        = {{The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. V. Satellite Galaxy Populations in a Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation of a Milky Way-Mass Halo}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad245b}},
  doi          = {{10.3847/1538-4357/ad245b}},
  volume       = {{964}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}