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Tract Sizes in Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy : A Systematic Review from the European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel

Ruhayel, Yasir LU ; Tepeler, Abdulkadir ; Dabestani, Saeed LU ; MacLennan, Steven ; Petřík, Aleš ; Sarica, Kemal ; Seitz, Christian ; Skolarikos, Andreas ; Straub, Michael and Türk, Christian , et al. (2017) In European Urology 72(2). p.220-235
Abstract

Context: Miniaturized instruments for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), utilizing tracts sized ≤22 Fr, have been developed in an effort to reduce the morbidity and increase the efficiency of stone removal compared with standard PNL (>22 Fr). Objective: We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the efficacy and safety of miniaturized PNL for removing renal calculi. Evidence acquisition: The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Since it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis, the data were summarized in a narrative synthesis. Evidence synthesis: After screening 2945 abstracts, 18 studies were included (two randomized controlled trials... (More)

Context: Miniaturized instruments for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), utilizing tracts sized ≤22 Fr, have been developed in an effort to reduce the morbidity and increase the efficiency of stone removal compared with standard PNL (>22 Fr). Objective: We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the efficacy and safety of miniaturized PNL for removing renal calculi. Evidence acquisition: The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Since it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis, the data were summarized in a narrative synthesis. Evidence synthesis: After screening 2945 abstracts, 18 studies were included (two randomized controlled trials [RCTs], six nonrandomized comparative studies, and 10 case series). Thirteen studies were full-text articles and five were only available as congress abstracts. The size of tracts used in miniaturized procedures ranged from 22 Fr to 4.8 Fr. The largest mean stone size treated using small instruments was 980mm2. Stone-free rates were comparable in miniaturized and standard PNL procedures. Procedures performed with small instruments tended to be associated with significantly lower blood loss, while the procedure duration tended to be significantly longer. Other complications were not notably different between PNL types. Study designs and populations were heterogeneous. Study limitations included selection and outcome reporting bias, as well as a lack of information on relevant confounding factors. Conclusions: The studies suggest that miniaturized PNL is at least as efficacious and safe as standard PNL for the removal of renal calculi. However, the quality of the evidence was poor, drawn mainly from small studies, the majority of which were single-arm case series, and only two of which were RCTs. Furthermore, the tract sizes used and types of stones treated were heterogeneous. Hence, the risks of bias and confounding were high, highlighting the need for more reliable data from RCTs. Patient summary: Removing kidney stones via percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) using smaller sized instruments (mini-PNL) appears to be as effective and safe as using larger (traditional) instruments, but more clinical research is needed. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) using smaller tract sizes (<22 Fr, mini-PNL) for removal of renal calculi appears to be as efficacious and safe as standard PNL. However, the studies are heterogeneous and generally small, so well-designed and sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials are warranted.

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publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Mini-perc, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Residual fragments, Stenting, Stone surgery, Systematic review, Urinary calculi
in
European Urology
volume
72
issue
2
pages
220 - 235
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:85013374267
  • pmid:28237786
ISSN
0302-2838
DOI
10.1016/j.eururo.2017.01.046
language
English
LU publication?
no
id
ab787cc9-1a74-4d76-8b18-ada4a55743bf
date added to LUP
2017-03-16 09:28:52
date last changed
2024-05-26 12:07:53
@article{ab787cc9-1a74-4d76-8b18-ada4a55743bf,
  abstract     = {{<p>Context: Miniaturized instruments for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), utilizing tracts sized ≤22 Fr, have been developed in an effort to reduce the morbidity and increase the efficiency of stone removal compared with standard PNL (&gt;22 Fr). Objective: We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the efficacy and safety of miniaturized PNL for removing renal calculi. Evidence acquisition: The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Since it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis, the data were summarized in a narrative synthesis. Evidence synthesis: After screening 2945 abstracts, 18 studies were included (two randomized controlled trials [RCTs], six nonrandomized comparative studies, and 10 case series). Thirteen studies were full-text articles and five were only available as congress abstracts. The size of tracts used in miniaturized procedures ranged from 22 Fr to 4.8 Fr. The largest mean stone size treated using small instruments was 980mm<sup>2</sup>. Stone-free rates were comparable in miniaturized and standard PNL procedures. Procedures performed with small instruments tended to be associated with significantly lower blood loss, while the procedure duration tended to be significantly longer. Other complications were not notably different between PNL types. Study designs and populations were heterogeneous. Study limitations included selection and outcome reporting bias, as well as a lack of information on relevant confounding factors. Conclusions: The studies suggest that miniaturized PNL is at least as efficacious and safe as standard PNL for the removal of renal calculi. However, the quality of the evidence was poor, drawn mainly from small studies, the majority of which were single-arm case series, and only two of which were RCTs. Furthermore, the tract sizes used and types of stones treated were heterogeneous. Hence, the risks of bias and confounding were high, highlighting the need for more reliable data from RCTs. Patient summary: Removing kidney stones via percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) using smaller sized instruments (mini-PNL) appears to be as effective and safe as using larger (traditional) instruments, but more clinical research is needed. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) using smaller tract sizes (&lt;22 Fr, mini-PNL) for removal of renal calculi appears to be as efficacious and safe as standard PNL. However, the studies are heterogeneous and generally small, so well-designed and sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials are warranted.</p>}},
  author       = {{Ruhayel, Yasir and Tepeler, Abdulkadir and Dabestani, Saeed and MacLennan, Steven and Petřík, Aleš and Sarica, Kemal and Seitz, Christian and Skolarikos, Andreas and Straub, Michael and Türk, Christian and Yuan, Yuhong and Knoll, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0302-2838}},
  keywords     = {{Mini-perc; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Residual fragments; Stenting; Stone surgery; Systematic review; Urinary calculi}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{220--235}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{European Urology}},
  title        = {{Tract Sizes in Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy : A Systematic Review from the European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2017.01.046}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.eururo.2017.01.046}},
  volume       = {{72}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}