Serum levels and removal by haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan-derived uremic toxins in ESKD patients
(2020) In International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(4).- Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that originates uremic toxins that contribute to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient outcomes. We evaluated serum levels and removal during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), in ESKD patients in different dialysis treatment settings. This prospective multicentre study in four European dialysis centres enrolled 78 patients with ESKD. Blood and spent dialysate samples obtained during dialysis were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography to assess uremic solutes, their reduction ratio (RR) and total removed solute (TRS). Mean free serum tryptophan and IS concentrations... (More)
Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that originates uremic toxins that contribute to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient outcomes. We evaluated serum levels and removal during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), in ESKD patients in different dialysis treatment settings. This prospective multicentre study in four European dialysis centres enrolled 78 patients with ESKD. Blood and spent dialysate samples obtained during dialysis were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography to assess uremic solutes, their reduction ratio (RR) and total removed solute (TRS). Mean free serum tryptophan and IS concentrations increased, and concentration of IAA decreased over pre-dialysis levels (67%, 49%, −0.8%, respectively) during the first hour of dialysis. While mean serum total urea, IS and IAA concentrations decreased during dialysis (−72%, −39%, −43%, respectively), serum tryptophan levels increased, resulting in negative RR (−8%) towards the end of the dialysis session (p < 0.001), despite remarkable Trp losses in dialysate. RR and TRS values based on serum (total, free) and dialysate solute concentrations were lower for conventional low-flux dialysis (p < 0.001). High-efficiency haemodiafiltration resulted in 80% higher Trp losses than conventional low-flux dialysis, despite similar neutral Trp RR values. In conclusion, serum Trp concentrations and RR behave differently from uremic solutes IS, IAA and urea and Trp RR did not reflect dialysis Trp losses. Conventional low-flux dialysis may not adequately clear Trp-related uremic toxins while high efficiency haemodiafiltration increased Trp losses.
(Less)
- author
- publishing date
- 2020
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Chronic kidney disease, End-stage kidney disease, Haemodiafiltration, Haemodialysis, Indole-3 acetic acid, Indoxyl sulfate, Tryptophan, Tryptophan-derived uremic toxins, Uremic toxins
- in
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- volume
- 21
- issue
- 4
- article number
- 1522
- publisher
- MDPI AG
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:32102247
- scopus:85079893233
- ISSN
- 1661-6596
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijms21041522
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- id
- af19315a-76f8-455e-bfee-7fda05530650
- date added to LUP
- 2020-06-29 16:32:04
- date last changed
- 2024-06-27 20:23:14
@article{af19315a-76f8-455e-bfee-7fda05530650,
abstract = {{<p>Tryptophan is an essential dietary amino acid that originates uremic toxins that contribute to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient outcomes. We evaluated serum levels and removal during haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan and tryptophan-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole acetic acid (IAA), in ESKD patients in different dialysis treatment settings. This prospective multicentre study in four European dialysis centres enrolled 78 patients with ESKD. Blood and spent dialysate samples obtained during dialysis were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography to assess uremic solutes, their reduction ratio (RR) and total removed solute (TRS). Mean free serum tryptophan and IS concentrations increased, and concentration of IAA decreased over pre-dialysis levels (67%, 49%, −0.8%, respectively) during the first hour of dialysis. While mean serum total urea, IS and IAA concentrations decreased during dialysis (−72%, −39%, −43%, respectively), serum tryptophan levels increased, resulting in negative RR (−8%) towards the end of the dialysis session (p < 0.001), despite remarkable Trp losses in dialysate. RR and TRS values based on serum (total, free) and dialysate solute concentrations were lower for conventional low-flux dialysis (p < 0.001). High-efficiency haemodiafiltration resulted in 80% higher Trp losses than conventional low-flux dialysis, despite similar neutral Trp RR values. In conclusion, serum Trp concentrations and RR behave differently from uremic solutes IS, IAA and urea and Trp RR did not reflect dialysis Trp losses. Conventional low-flux dialysis may not adequately clear Trp-related uremic toxins while high efficiency haemodiafiltration increased Trp losses.</p>}},
author = {{Paats, Joosep and Adoberg, Annika and Arund, Jürgen and Dhondt, Annemieke and Fernström, Anders and Fridolin, Ivo and Glorieux, Griet and Leis, Liisi and Luman, Merike and Gonzalez-Parra, Emilio and Perez-Gomez, Vanessa Maria and Pilt, Kristjan and Sanchez-Ospina, Didier and Segelmark, Mårten and Uhlin, Fredrik and Ortiz, Alberto Arduan}},
issn = {{1661-6596}},
keywords = {{Chronic kidney disease; End-stage kidney disease; Haemodiafiltration; Haemodialysis; Indole-3 acetic acid; Indoxyl sulfate; Tryptophan; Tryptophan-derived uremic toxins; Uremic toxins}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{4}},
publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
series = {{International Journal of Molecular Sciences}},
title = {{Serum levels and removal by haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration of tryptophan-derived uremic toxins in ESKD patients}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041522}},
doi = {{10.3390/ijms21041522}},
volume = {{21}},
year = {{2020}},
}