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Sputum from Individuals with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Drives M2-like Macrophage Polarization

Wåhlander, Jenny LU ; Schmidt, Tobias LU ; Hansen, Christine R. ; Kahn, Robin LU and Påhlman, Lisa I. LU orcid (2026) In Lung 204(1).
Abstract

Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, congenital condition in which impaired ciliary function leads to bronchiectasis and progressive lung function decline. Bronchiectasis development is believed to involve infection and inflammation but is incompletely understood. Macrophages play a central role in cellular immune response, contributing to both pathogen clearance and immunoregulation. Depending on local stimuli, macrophages are polarized towards pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-resolution/phagocytic (M2) phenotypes. This study aims to investigate the effects of PCD sputum on macrophage polarization. Methods: Sputum from 27 individuals with PCD and seven healthy controls were used to stimulate healthy monocyte-derived... (More)

Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, congenital condition in which impaired ciliary function leads to bronchiectasis and progressive lung function decline. Bronchiectasis development is believed to involve infection and inflammation but is incompletely understood. Macrophages play a central role in cellular immune response, contributing to both pathogen clearance and immunoregulation. Depending on local stimuli, macrophages are polarized towards pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-resolution/phagocytic (M2) phenotypes. This study aims to investigate the effects of PCD sputum on macrophage polarization. Methods: Sputum from 27 individuals with PCD and seven healthy controls were used to stimulate healthy monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophage polarization was determined by surface markers, phagocytic ability and cytokine production using flow cytometry and immunoassays. Results: Macrophages stimulated with PCD sputum exhibited enhanced phagocytosis (MFI 194268 vs. 58235, p = 0.0002), increased expression of M2-associated surface markers CD163, CD206 and CD16, and reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (10.38 vs. 113.22 pg/ml, p = 0.0013) and IL-1β (0.75 vs. 3.60 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). Concurrently, expressions of M1-associated surface markers CD40 and CD80 were reduced. Conclusion: PCD sputum induced a phagocytosis prone, M2-like phenotype in healthy macrophages.

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author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Airways, Inflammation, Macrophages, Primary ciliary dyskinesia
in
Lung
volume
204
issue
1
article number
6
publisher
Springer
external identifiers
  • scopus:105028457388
  • pmid:41582098
ISSN
0341-2040
DOI
10.1007/s00408-025-00868-6
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
b0b14f45-af8f-4236-aa4a-bab98b5e837f
date added to LUP
2026-02-17 14:22:33
date last changed
2026-02-17 14:23:08
@article{b0b14f45-af8f-4236-aa4a-bab98b5e837f,
  abstract     = {{<p>Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, congenital condition in which impaired ciliary function leads to bronchiectasis and progressive lung function decline. Bronchiectasis development is believed to involve infection and inflammation but is incompletely understood. Macrophages play a central role in cellular immune response, contributing to both pathogen clearance and immunoregulation. Depending on local stimuli, macrophages are polarized towards pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-resolution/phagocytic (M2) phenotypes. This study aims to investigate the effects of PCD sputum on macrophage polarization. Methods: Sputum from 27 individuals with PCD and seven healthy controls were used to stimulate healthy monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophage polarization was determined by surface markers, phagocytic ability and cytokine production using flow cytometry and immunoassays. Results: Macrophages stimulated with PCD sputum exhibited enhanced phagocytosis (MFI 194268 vs. 58235, p = 0.0002), increased expression of M2-associated surface markers CD163, CD206 and CD16, and reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (10.38 vs. 113.22 pg/ml, p = 0.0013) and IL-1β (0.75 vs. 3.60 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.0001). Concurrently, expressions of M1-associated surface markers CD40 and CD80 were reduced. Conclusion: PCD sputum induced a phagocytosis prone, M2-like phenotype in healthy macrophages.</p>}},
  author       = {{Wåhlander, Jenny and Schmidt, Tobias and Hansen, Christine R. and Kahn, Robin and Påhlman, Lisa I.}},
  issn         = {{0341-2040}},
  keywords     = {{Airways; Inflammation; Macrophages; Primary ciliary dyskinesia}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  series       = {{Lung}},
  title        = {{Sputum from Individuals with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Drives M2-like Macrophage Polarization}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00408-025-00868-6}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s00408-025-00868-6}},
  volume       = {{204}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}