Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
(2022) In Nutrients 14(7).- Abstract
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus dis-ease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflam-matory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to... (More)
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus dis-ease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflam-matory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing con-sequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflamma-tion severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or revers-ing metaflammation.
(Less)
- author
- Muskiet, Frits A.J. ; Carrera-Bastos, Pedro LU ; Pruimboom, Leo ; Lucia, Alejandro and Furman, David
- organization
- publishing date
- 2022-04
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- COVID-19, interferon, leptin, metaflammation, obesity, SARS-CoV-2, SOCS
- in
- Nutrients
- volume
- 14
- issue
- 7
- article number
- 1388
- publisher
- MDPI AG
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:35406000
- scopus:85127058949
- ISSN
- 2072-6643
- DOI
- 10.3390/nu14071388
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- b1f753ee-b89e-4b08-9099-a18ec271340e
- date added to LUP
- 2022-05-09 14:40:22
- date last changed
- 2024-06-22 23:24:13
@article{b1f753ee-b89e-4b08-9099-a18ec271340e,
abstract = {{<p>Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus dis-ease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflam-matory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing con-sequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflamma-tion severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or revers-ing metaflammation.</p>}},
author = {{Muskiet, Frits A.J. and Carrera-Bastos, Pedro and Pruimboom, Leo and Lucia, Alejandro and Furman, David}},
issn = {{2072-6643}},
keywords = {{COVID-19; interferon; leptin; metaflammation; obesity; SARS-CoV-2; SOCS}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{7}},
publisher = {{MDPI AG}},
series = {{Nutrients}},
title = {{Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071388}},
doi = {{10.3390/nu14071388}},
volume = {{14}},
year = {{2022}},
}