Comparing algorithms for assessing upper limb use with inertial measurement units
(2022) In Frontiers in Physiology 13.- Abstract
The various existing measures to quantify upper limb use from wrist-worn inertial measurement units can be grouped into three categories: 1) Thresholded activity counting, 2) Gross movement score and 3) machine learning. However, there is currently no direct comparison of all these measures on a single dataset. While machine learning is a promising approach to detecting upper limb use, there is currently no knowledge of the information used by machine learning measures and the data-related factors that influence their performance. The current study conducted a direct comparison of the 1) thresholded activity counting measures, 2) gross movement score,3) a hybrid activity counting and gross movement score measure (introduced in this... (More)
The various existing measures to quantify upper limb use from wrist-worn inertial measurement units can be grouped into three categories: 1) Thresholded activity counting, 2) Gross movement score and 3) machine learning. However, there is currently no direct comparison of all these measures on a single dataset. While machine learning is a promising approach to detecting upper limb use, there is currently no knowledge of the information used by machine learning measures and the data-related factors that influence their performance. The current study conducted a direct comparison of the 1) thresholded activity counting measures, 2) gross movement score,3) a hybrid activity counting and gross movement score measure (introduced in this study), and 4) machine learning measures for detecting upper-limb use, using previously collected data. Two additional analyses were also performed to understand the nature of the information used by machine learning measures and the influence of data on the performance of machine learning measures. The intra-subject random forest machine learning measure detected upper limb use more accurately than all other measures, confirming previous observations in the literature. Among the non-machine learning (or traditional) algorithms, the hybrid activity counting and gross movement score measure performed better than the other measures. Further analysis of the random forest measure revealed that this measure used information about the forearm’s orientation and amount of movement to detect upper limb use. The performance of machine learning measures was influenced by the types of movements and the proportion of functional data in the training/testing datasets. The study outcomes show that machine learning measures perform better than traditional measures and shed some light on how these methods detect upper-limb use. However, in the absence of annotated data for training machine learning measures, the hybrid activity counting and gross movement score measure presents a reasonable alternative. We believe this paper presents a step towards understanding and optimizing measures for upper limb use assessment using wearable sensors.
(Less)
- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2022-12
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- hemiparesis, machine learning, sensorimotor assessment, upper-limb rehabilitation, upper-limb use, wearable sensors
- in
- Frontiers in Physiology
- volume
- 13
- article number
- 1023589
- publisher
- Frontiers Media S. A.
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:36601345
- scopus:85145385788
- ISSN
- 1664-042X
- DOI
- 10.3389/fphys.2022.1023589
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- b32dc606-aa0e-4312-ae5e-d27c9a8b3bbb
- date added to LUP
- 2023-01-16 15:09:11
- date last changed
- 2024-04-17 20:39:01
@article{b32dc606-aa0e-4312-ae5e-d27c9a8b3bbb,
abstract = {{<p>The various existing measures to quantify upper limb use from wrist-worn inertial measurement units can be grouped into three categories: 1) Thresholded activity counting, 2) Gross movement score and 3) machine learning. However, there is currently no direct comparison of all these measures on a single dataset. While machine learning is a promising approach to detecting upper limb use, there is currently no knowledge of the information used by machine learning measures and the data-related factors that influence their performance. The current study conducted a direct comparison of the 1) thresholded activity counting measures, 2) gross movement score,3) a hybrid activity counting and gross movement score measure (introduced in this study), and 4) machine learning measures for detecting upper-limb use, using previously collected data. Two additional analyses were also performed to understand the nature of the information used by machine learning measures and the influence of data on the performance of machine learning measures. The intra-subject random forest machine learning measure detected upper limb use more accurately than all other measures, confirming previous observations in the literature. Among the non-machine learning (or traditional) algorithms, the hybrid activity counting and gross movement score measure performed better than the other measures. Further analysis of the random forest measure revealed that this measure used information about the forearm’s orientation and amount of movement to detect upper limb use. The performance of machine learning measures was influenced by the types of movements and the proportion of functional data in the training/testing datasets. The study outcomes show that machine learning measures perform better than traditional measures and shed some light on how these methods detect upper-limb use. However, in the absence of annotated data for training machine learning measures, the hybrid activity counting and gross movement score measure presents a reasonable alternative. We believe this paper presents a step towards understanding and optimizing measures for upper limb use assessment using wearable sensors.</p>}},
author = {{Subash, Tanya and David, Ann and ReetaJanetSurekha, Stephen Sukumaran and Gayathri, Sankaralingam and Samuelkamaleshkumar, Selvaraj and Magimairaj, Henry Prakash and Malesevic, Nebojsa and Antfolk, Christian and SKM, Varadhan and Melendez-Calderon, Alejandro and Balasubramanian, Sivakumar}},
issn = {{1664-042X}},
keywords = {{hemiparesis; machine learning; sensorimotor assessment; upper-limb rehabilitation; upper-limb use; wearable sensors}},
language = {{eng}},
publisher = {{Frontiers Media S. A.}},
series = {{Frontiers in Physiology}},
title = {{Comparing algorithms for assessing upper limb use with inertial measurement units}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1023589}},
doi = {{10.3389/fphys.2022.1023589}},
volume = {{13}},
year = {{2022}},
}